KASCADE
KASCADE is a European physics experiment started in 1996 at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany (now Karlsruher Institut für Technologie), an extensive air shower experiment array to study the cosmic ray primary composition and the hadronic interactions in the energy range of 1016–1018 eV, measuring simultaneously the electronic, muonic and hadronic components.
KASCADE-Grande is a further extension of the previous project by reassembling 37 detectors of the former EAS-TOP experiment running between 1987 and 2000 at Campo Imperatore, Gran Sasso Laboratories, Italy.
The experiment uses a CORSIKA simulation program.
Co-located with KASCADE-Grande is the LOPES experiment. LOPES consists of radio antennas and measures the radio emission of extensive air showers.
KASCADE (including all extensions) stopped operation in 2013, but a part of the detectors is still used in other experiments for cosmic-ray air showers, e.g., LOFAR or Tunka.
Results
KASCADE studied heavier components of cosmic rays, finding a "knee" near 80 PeV in 2011,[1] and extending the spectrum measurements to 200PeV.[2]
Participants
- Institut für Kernphysik and Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik of Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Germany
- Diparimento di Fisica Generale dell' Universita and Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario of Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Torino, Italy
- Universität Siegen, Germany
- Universität Wuppertal, Germany
- Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Łódź, Poland
- Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
References
- ↑ Apel, W. D.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Bekk, K.; Bertaina, M.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I. M.; Buchholz, P.; Cantoni, E.; Chiavassa, A.; Cossavella, F.; Daumiller, K.; de Souza, V.; Di Pierro, F.; Doll, P.; Engel, R.; Engler, J.; Finger, M.; Fuhrmann, D.; Ghia, P. L.; Gils, H. J.; Glasstetter, R.; Grupen, C.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Hörandel, J. R.; Huber, D.; Huege, T.; Isar, P. G.; Kampert, K.-H.; Kang, D.; Klages, H. O.; Link, K.; Łuczak, P.; Ludwig, M.; Mathes, H. J.; Mayer, H. J.; Melissas, M.; Milke, J.; Mitrica, B.; Morello, C.; Navarra, G.; Oehlschläger, J.; Ostapchenko, S.; Over, S.; Palmieri, N.; Petcu, M.; Pierog, T.; Rebel, H.; Roth, M.; Schieler, H.; Schröder, F. G.; Sima, O.; Toma, G.; Trinchero, G. C.; Ulrich, H.; Weindl, A.; Wochele, J.; Wommer, M.; Zabierowski, J. (October 2011). "Kneelike Structure in the Spectrum of the Heavy Component of Cosmic Rays Observed with KASCADE-Grande". Physical Review Letters 107 (17). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.171104.
- ↑ Apel, W.D.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C.; Bekk, K.; Bertaina, M.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I.M.; Cantoni, E.; Chiavassa, A.; Cossavella, F.; Daumiller, K.; de Souza, V.; Di Pierro, F.; Doll, P.; Engel, R.; Engler, J.; Finger, M.; Fuchs, B.; Fuhrmann, D.; Gils, H.J.; Glasstetter, R.; Grupen, C.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Hörandel, J.R.; Huber, D.; Huege, T.; Kampert, K.-H.; Kang, D.; Klages, H.O.; Link, K.; Łuczak, P.; Ludwig, M.; Mathes, H.J.; Mayer, H.J.; Melissas, M.; Milke, J.; Mitrica, B.; Morello, C.; Oehlschläger, J.; Ostapchenko, S.; Palmieri, N.; Petcu, M.; Pierog, T.; Rebel, H.; Roth, M.; Schieler, H.; Schoo, S.; Schröder, F.G.; Sima, O.; Toma, G.; Trinchero, G.C.; Ulrich, H.; Weindl, A.; Wochele, J.; Wommer, M.; Zabierowski, J. (July 2013). "KASCADE-Grande measurements of energy spectra for elemental groups of cosmic rays". Astroparticle Physics 47: 54–66. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.06.004.
External links
Coordinates: 49°05′57.8″N 8°26′14.7″E / 49.099389°N 8.437417°E