July 18

July 18 is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 166 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 390 BC – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia – a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
• 362 – Roman–Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.
• 645 – Chinese forces under general Li Shiji besiege the strategic fortress city of Anshi (Liaoning) during the Goguryeo–Tang War.
• 1290 – King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities.
• 1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
• 1342 – Mu'izz al-Din Husayn defeats the Sarbadars in the Battle of Zava.
• 1389 – France and England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, inaugurating a 13-year peace, the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years' War.
• 1391 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war: Battle of the Kondurcha River – Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present day southeast Russia.
• 1555 – The College of Arms is reincorporated by Royal charter signed by Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain.
• 1812 – The Treaties of Orebro ends both the Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.
• 1841 – Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, on 18 July.
• 1857 – Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
• 1862 – First ascent of Dent Blanche, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Fort Wagner – one of the first formal African American military units, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
• 1870 – The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
• 1914 – The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving official status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.
• 1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
• 1936 – An army uprising in Spanish Morocco starts Spanish Civil War.
• 1942 – World War II: the Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 using its jet engines for the first time.
• 1944 – World War II: Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan because of numerous setbacks in the war effort.
• 1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle.
• 1966 – Australian children's television series Play School airs for the first time, going on to become the longest-running children's show in Australia, and the second longest running children's show in the world
• 1968 – Intel is founded in Mountain View, California.
• 1969 – After a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a bridge and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.
• 1976 – Nadia Comăneci became the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
• 1982 – Two hundred sixty-eight campesinos ("peasants" or "country people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos Montt's Guatemala.
• 1984 – McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: in a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.
• 1986 – A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.
• 1992 – The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappear from their university in Lima.
• 1994 – The bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Jewish Community Center) in Buenos Aires kills 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
• 1994 – Rwandan Genocide: The Rwandan Patriotic Front takes control of Gisenyi and north western Rwanda, forcing the interim government into Zaire and ending the genocide.
• 1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufrière Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee.
• 1995 – Dreaming of You by Selena, released posthumously, became the best-selling Latin album in the United States. It was noted by Billboard magazine as a "historic event" for Latin music.
• 1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River, beginning one of Quebec's costliest natural disasters ever: the Saguenay Flood.
• 1996 – Battle of Mullaitivu: the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam capture the Sri Lanka Army's base, killing over 1200 soldiers.
• 2012 – At least seven people are killed and 32 others are injured after a bomb explodes on an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport, Bulgaria.
• 2013 – The Government of Detroit, with up to $20 billion in debt, files for the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.

Births

• 1501 – Isabella of Austria (d. 1526)
• 1504 – Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss pastor and reformer (d. 1575)
• 1552 – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
• 1634 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
• 1659 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
• 1670 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1747)
• 1718 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1808)
• 1720 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist and ecologist (d. 1793)
• 1724 – Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria (d. 1780)
• 1797 – Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher and academic (d. 1879)
• 1811 – William Makepeace Thackeray, English author and poet (d. 1863)
• 1818 – Louis Gerhard De Geer, Swedish politician, 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1896)
• 1821 – Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (d. 1910)
• 1837 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian priest and activist (d. 1873)
• 1845 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)
• 1848 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (d. 1915)
• 1850 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (d. 1939)
• 1852 – Anthony Sweijs, Dutch target shooter (d. 1937)
• 1853 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
• 1862 – Nikolai Yudenich, Russian general (d. 1933)
• 1864 – Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1937)
• 1867 – Margaret Brown, American philanthropist and activist (d. 1932)
• 1871 – Sada Yacco, Japanese actress and dancer (d. 1946)
• 1879 – Adolf Spinnler, Swiss gymnast (d. 1951)
• 1881 – Larry McLean, Canadian-American baseball player (d. 1921)
• 1884 – Alberto di Jorio, Italian cardinal (d. 1979)
• 1886 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., American general (d. 1945)
• 1887 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian soldier and politician, Minister President of Norway (d. 1945)
• 1889 – Kōichi Kido, Japanese politician, 13th Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan (d. 1977)
• 1890 – Frank Forde, Australian politician, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)
• 1892 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (d. 1969)
• 1895 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (d. 1954)
• 1895 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian-American ballerina (d. 1991)
• 1897 – Ernest Eldridge, English race car driver (d. 1935)
• 1898 – John Stuart, Scottish-English actor (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Ernst Scheller, German politician, Mayor of Marburg (d. 1942)
• 1900 – Machine Gun Kelly, Gangster (d. 1954)
• 1900 – Nathalie Sarraute, French lawyer and author (d. 1999)
• 1902 – Jessamyn West, American author (d. 1984)
• 1903 – Chill Wills, American actor and singer (d. 1978)
• 1906 – S. I. Hayakawa, Canadian-American educator and politician (d. 1992)
• 1906 – Clifford Odets, American director, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1963)
• 1908 – Peace Pilgrim, American mystic and activist (d. 1981)
• 1908 – Lupe Vélez, Mexican-American actress and dancer (d. 1944)
• 1909 – Bishnu Dey, Indian poet, critic, and academic (d. 1982)
• 1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Russian economist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Soviet Union (d. 1989)
• 1909 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, Afghan politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)
• 1909 – Harriet Nelson, American singer and actress (d. 1994)
• 1910 – Diptendu Pramanick, Indian businessman (d. 1989)
• 1911 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
• 1912 – Max Rousié, French rugby player (d. 1950)
• 1913 – Red Skelton, American actor and singer (d. 1997)
• 1914 – Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist (d. 2000)
• 1917 – Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008)
• 1918 – Nelson Mandela, South African lawyer and politician, 1st President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Eric Brandon, English race car driver (d. 1982)
• 1921 – Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist and educator
• 1921 – John Glenn, American colonel, astronaut, and politician
• 1921 – Richard Leacock, English-French director and producer (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Thomas Kuhn, American physicist, historian, and philosopher (d. 1996)
• 1924 – Inge Sørensen, Danish swimmer (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Shirley Strickland, Australian runner (d. 2004)
• 1925 – Friedrich Zimmermann, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of the Interior (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Margaret Laurence, Canadian author (d. 1987)
• 1927 – Kurt Masur, Polish-German conductor and educator
• 1928 – Andrea Gallo, Italian priest (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Franca Rame, Italian actress and playwright (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Dick Button, American figure skater and actor
• 1929 – Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2000)
• 1930 – Burt Kwouk, English actor
• 1932 – Robert Ellis Miller, American director and screenwriter
• 1932 – Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet and playwright
• 1933 – Syd Mead, American set designer
• 1933 – Jean Yanne, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
• 1934 – Edward Bond, English director, playwright, and screenwriter
• 1934 – Darlene Conley, American actress (d. 2007)
• 1934 – Roger Reynolds, American composer and educator
• 1935 – Tenley Albright, American figure skater
• 1935 – Jayendra Saraswathi, Indian guru, 69th Shankaracharya
• 1937 – Roald Hoffmann, Polish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 – Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)
• 1938 – Ian Stewart, Scottish keyboard player (The Rolling Stones and Rocket 88) (d. 1985)
• 1938 – Paul Verhoeven, Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1939 – Dion DiMucci, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Dion and the Belmonts)
• 1940 – James Brolin, American actor, director, and producer
• 1940 – Joe Torre, American baseball player and manager
• 1941 – Frank Farian, German songwriter and producer
• 1941 – Lonnie Mack, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1941 – Martha Reeves, American singer, actress, and politician
• 1942 – Adolf Ogi, Swiss politician, 84th President of the Swiss Confederation
• 1942 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006)
• 1943 – Joseph J. Ellis, American historian and author
• 1944 – David Hemery, English hurdler
• 1945 – Pat Doherty, Irish politician
• 1946 – Leo Madder, Belgian actor and director
• 1947 – Steve Forbes, American publisher and politician
• 1948 – Carlos Colón, Sr., Puerto Rican wrestler
• 1948 – Hartmut Michel, German biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1949 – Dennis Lillee, Australian cricketer
• 1950 – Richard Branson, English businessman, founded Virgin Group
• 1950 – Jack Dongarra, American computer scientist
• 1950 – Kostas Eleftherakis, Greek footballer
• 1950 – Jack Layton, Canadian politician (d. 2011)
• 1950 – Mark Udall, American educator and politician
• 1951 – Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politician, 68th Prime Minister of Belgium
• 1951 – Margo Martindale, American actress
• 1955 – Bernd Fasching, Austrian painter and sculptor
• 1957 – Nick Faldo, English golfer and sportscaster
• 1957 – Alexander Titov, Russian bass guitarist (Aquarium, Kino)
• 1958 – Chris Ruane, Welsh politician
• 1959 – Jonathan Dove, English composer
• 1960 – Simon Heffer, English journalist and author
• 1960 – Anne-Marie Johnson, American actress
• 1961 – M.J. Alexander, American author and photographer
• 1961 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress
• 1961 – Alan Pardew, English footballer and manager
• 1961 – Pasi Rautiainen, Finnish footballer, coach, and manager
• 1961 – Krustyo Lafazanov, Bulgarian actor
• 1962 – Lee Arenberg, American actor
• 1962 – Jack Irons, American drummer (Spinnerette, What Is This?, The Wallflowers, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Pearl Jam, and Eleven)
• 1962 – Shaun Micallef, Australian comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1963 – Marc Girardelli, Austrian skier
• 1963 – Al Snow, American wrestler and actor
• 1963 – Martín Torrijos, Panamanian economist and politician, 35th President of Panama
• 1964 – Wendy Williams, American talk show host, actress, and author
• 1965 – Vesselina Kasarova, Bulgarian soprano
• 1966 – Dan O'Brien, American decathlete
• 1967 – Vin Diesel, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1968 – Grant Bowler, New Zealand-Australian actor
• 1968 – Alex Désert, Haitian-American actor and singer (Hepcat)
• 1969 – Elizabeth Gilbert, American author
• 1969 – The Great Sasuke, Japanese wrestler and politician
• 1971 – Penny Hardaway, American basketball player
• 1971 – Sarah McLeod, New Zealand actress
• 1971 – Sukhwinder Singh, Indian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1973 – Jasse Jalonen, Finnish footballer
• [1975]] – Torii Hunter, American baseball player
• 1975 – Daron Malakian, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (System of a Down and Scars on Broadway)
• 1976 – Elsa Pataky, Spanish-American actress
• 1977 – Alexander Morozevich, Russian chess player
• 1977 – Alfian Sa'at, Singaporean poet and playwright
• 1978 – Adabel Guerrero, Argentinian actress, singer, and dancer
• 1978 – Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player and sportscaster
• 1978 – Annie Mac, Irish radio and television host
• 1978 – Eddie Matos, Puerto Rican-American actor
• 1978 – Verónica Romeo, Spanish singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1978 – Ben Sheets, American baseball player
• 1978 – Mélissa Theuriau, French journalist
• 1978 – Joo Sang-wook, South Korean actor
• 1979 – Adam Birch, American wrestler
• 1979 – Deion Branch, American football player
• 1980 – Kristen Bell, American actress, singer, and producer
• 1980 – Ryōko Hirosue, Japanese actress and singer
• 1981 – Dennis Seidenberg, German ice hockey player
• 1982 – Ryan Cabrera, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1982 – Priyanka Chopra, Indian model, actress, and singer, Miss World 2000
• 1982 – Dominika Luzarová, Czech tennis player
• 1983 – Carlos Diogo, Uruguayan footballer
• 1983 – Aaron Gillespie, American singer-songwriter and drummer (Underoath and The Almost)
• 1983 – Mikk Pahapill, Estonian decathlete
• 1983 – Jan Schlaudraff, German footballer
• 1985 – Panagiotis Lagos, Greek footballer
• 1986 – Natalia Mikhailova, Russian ice dancer
• 1988 – Änis Ben-Hatira, German-Tunisian footballer
• 1988 – Sofia Kvatsabaia, Georgian tennis player
• 1988 – César Villaluz, Mexican footballer
• 1989 – Jamie Benn, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1989 – Sebastian Mielitz, German footballer
• 1989 – Yohan Mollo, French footballer
• 1991 – Karina Pasian, American singer and pianist
• 1991 – Eugenio Suárez, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1993 – Lee Taemin, South Korean singer, dancer, and actor (Shinee)

Deaths

• 707 – Emperor Monmu of Japan (b. 683)
• 715 – Muhammad bin Qasim, Umayyad general (b. 695)
• 912 – Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor (b. 852)
• 924 – Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, Abbasid vizier (b. 855)
• 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon, Frankish knight (b. 1016)
• 1300 – Gerard Segarelli, Italian religious leader, founded the Apostolic Brethren (b. 1240)
• 1566 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish bishop (b. 1484)
• 1591 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
• 1608 – Joachim III Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546)
• 1610 – Caravaggio, Italian painter (b. 1573)
• 1639 – Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
• 1695 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
• 1698 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (b. 1633)
• 1721 – Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684)
• 1730 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, French general (b. 1644)
• 1756 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch poet and playwright (b. 1683)
• 1792 – John Paul Jones, American admiral (b. 1747)
• 1817 – Jane Austen, English author (b. 1775)
• 1863 – Robert Gould Shaw, American colonel (b. 1837)
• 1872 – Benito Juárez, Mexican lawyer and politician, 26th President of Mexico (b. 1806)
• 1884 – Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist and academic (b. 1829)
• 1890 – Lydia Becker, British suffragette (b. 1827)
• 1892 – Thomas Cook, English travel agent, founded the Thomas Cook Group (b. 1808)
• 1899 – Horatio Alger, Jr., American author (b. 1832)
• 1918 – Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1864)
• 1925 – Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Canadian cardinal (b. 1840)
• 1932 – Jean Jules Jusserand, French author and diplomat (b. 1855)
• 1937 – Julian Bell, English poet and academic (b. 1908)
• 1938 – Marie of Romania (b. 1875)
• 1944 – Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet and author (b. 1870)
• 1947 – Heiti Talvik, Estonian poet (b. 1904)
• 1947 – Evald Tipner, Estonian footballer and ice hockey player (b. 1906)
• 1948 – Herman Gummerus, Finnish historian and politician (b. 1877)
• 1949 – Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer and educator (b. 1870)
• 1950 – Carl Clinton Van Doren, American author and critic (b. 1885)
• 1952 – Paul Saintenoy, Belgian architect and historian (b. 1862)
• 1953 – Lucy Booth, English-Swedish daughter of William and Catherine Booth (b. 1868)
• 1954 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (b. 1900)
• 1966 – Bobby Fuller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Bobby Fuller Four) (b. 1942)
• 1968 – Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
• 1968 – Manfred Toeppen, American water polo player (b. 1887)
• 1969 – Mary Jo Kopechne, American educator and secretary (b. 1940)
• 1973 – Jack Hawkins, English actor and producer (b. 1910)
• 1975 – Vaughn Bodē, American illustrator (b. 1941)
• 1982 – Lionel Daunais, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1902)
• 1982 – Roman Jakobson, Russian–American linguist and literary theorist (b. 1896)
• 1984 – Grigori Kromanov, Estonian director and screenwriter (b. 1926)
• 1985 – Shahnawaz Bhutto, Pakistani son of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (b. 1958)
• 1985 – Louisa Ghijs, Belgian actress (b. 1902)
• 1988 – Nico, German singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and actress (b. 1938)
• 1988 – Joly Braga Santos, Portuguese composer and conductor (b. 1924)
• 1989 – Marika Nezer, Turkish-Greek actress (b. 1906)
• 1989 – Rebecca Schaeffer, American actress (b. 1967)
• 1990 – Yun Bo-seon, South Korean politician, 4th President of South Korea (b. 1897)
• 1990 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (b. 1896)
• 1990 – Johnny Wayne, Canadian actor and screenwriter (b. 1918)
• 1995 – Srinagarindra, Thai wife of Mahidol Adulyadej (b. 1900)
• 1995 – Fabio Casartelli, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)
• 1997 – Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American geologist and astronomer (b. 1928)
• 1999 – Meir Ariel, Israeli singer-songwriter (b. 1942)
• 2001 – Mimi Fariña, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1945)
• 2001 – Fabio Taglioni, Italian engineer (b. 1920)
• 2002 – Louis Laberge, Canadian union leader (b. 1924)
• 2004 – André Castelot, Belgian-French historian and author (b. 1911)
• 2004 – Paul Foot, Israeli-English journalist and author (b. 1937)
• 2004 – Émile Peynaud, French wine maker (b. 1912)
• 2005 – William Westmoreland, American general (b. 1914)
• 2007 – Jerry Hadley, American tenor (b. 1952)
• 2007 – Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese politician (b. 1908)
• 2008 – Khosrow Shakibai, Iranian actor (b. 1944)
• 2009 – Henry Allingham, English soldier (b. 1896)
• 2011 – Georgess McHargue, American author and poet (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, Lithuanian-Israeli rabbi (b. 1910)
• 2012 – Jean François-Poncet, French politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for France (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor, producer, politician (b. 1942)
• 2012 – Dawoud Rajiha, Syrian general and politician, Minister of Defense for Syria (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Assef Shawkat, Syrian general and politician (b. 1950)
• 2012 – Hasan Turkmani, Syrian general and politician (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Vaali, Indian poet, songwriter, and actor (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and educator (b. 1953)
• 2013 – Samar Mukherjee, Indian politician (b. 1913)
• 2014 – Andreas Biermann, German footballer (b. 1980)
• 2014 – João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Brazilian journalist, author, and academic (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Dietmar Schönherr, Austrian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1926)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Arnulf of Metz
  • Camillus de Lellis (optional memorial, United States only)
  • Frederick of Utrecht
  • Marina of Aguas Santas
  • Symphorosa
  • Teneu
  • Elizabeth Ferard (Church of England)
  • Bartolomé de las Casas (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day (Uruguay)
• Nelson Mandela International Day

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 18.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada