Johnny Gruelle

Raggedy Ann and Andy

Johnny Gruelle (December 24, 1880 – January 8, 1938) was an American artist, political cartoonist, children's book author and illustrator (and even songwriter). He is known as the creator of Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy. He had such confidence in his design that often he would create the final ink work without first sketching in pencil.^[2]

History

He was born John Barton Gruelle in Arcola, Illinois in 1880, Gruelle moved at age two to Indianapolis, Indiana^[3] where his father Richard Gruelle came to associate and exhibit with the Hoosier Group of painters. Richard Gruelle’s circle of friends included bestselling Hoosier poet James Whitcomb Riley.

John Gruelle's cartoons first appeared in print in the Indianapolis Star in 1905.^[4] From 1906 to 1911 his cartooning work appeared in many newspapers, usually signed as Grue, including The Toledo News-Bee,^[5] The Pittsburgh Press,^[6] The Tacoma Times,^[7] and The Spokane Press.^[8]

After he beat out 1,500 entrants to win a cartooning contest sponsored in 1911 by The New York Herald, Gruelle created Mr. Twee Deedle, which was in print from 1911 to 1914.

Gruelle gave his daughter Marcella a dusty, faceless rag doll which she found in the attic. He drew a face on the doll and named her Raggedy Ann. Marcella played with the doll so much, Gruelle figured other children would like the doll too. Gruelle's Raggedy Ann doll U.S. Patent D47,789 was dated September 7, 1915. In 1918, the PF Volland Company published Raggedy Ann Stories. Gruelle then created a series of popular Raggedy Ann books and dolls. These became Volland's major source of revenue.

Marcella Gruelle contracted diphtheria and died at the age of 13. After this blow, family friends described Gruelle as "possessed, with a heavy countenance, and ... with the only thing he would bear to have near him as a reminder of Marcella a rag doll."

Gruelle's "Raggedy Ann's Sunny Songs" was set to music by William H. Woodin, who in 1933 was appointed FDR's first Secretary of the Treasury. One of Gruelle's characters is Little Wooden Willie, a reference to Will Woodin.^[9]

Gruelle lived in the Silvermine section of New Canaan, Connecticut, where the dolls were first mass-produced, and later moved his home and company to neighboring Wilton, Connecticut. Gruelle spent a year in Ashland, Oregon from 1923–24.^[10] He had a long-standing heart condition, and died in Miami Beach, Florida on January 8, 1938, of a heart attack.^[11]

Bibliography

Rapunzel, from an edition of Grimm's Fairy Tales, illustrated by Johnny Gruelle

A partial list of works, several with complete text and illustrations available online for no charge or for sale.

As author and illustrator

• All About Cinderella (1916), republished as Cinderella (2012)
• My Very Own Fairy Stories^[12] (1917), republished as Raggedy Ann's Fairy Stories
• Raggedy Ann Stories^[13] (1918)
• Friendly Fairies^[14] (1919)
• Little Sunny Stories (1919)
• Raggedy Andy Stories^[15] (1920)
• Orphant Annie^[16] (1921)
• Eddie Elephant (1921)
• Johnny Mouse and the Wishing Stick (1922), republished as Adventures of Johnny Mouse (2012)
• The Magical Land of Noom (1922)
• Raggedy Ann and Andy and the Camel with the Wrinkled Knees (1924)
• Wishing Pebble (1925)
• Beloved Belindy (1926)
• Marcella - A Raggedy Ann Story - Marcella Stories (1929)
• Raggedy Ann's Magical Wishes (Book is undated)
• My Fairy Stories (2012), a collection of stories from My Very Own Fairy Stories
• Friendly Gnomes (2012), a collection of stories from Friendly Fairies

As illustrator

The titular character Sally Migrundy from the anthology Friendly Fairies (1919)

• Grimm's Fairy Tales^[17] (1914)
• Nobody's Boy ^[18] (1916)
• All About Hansel and Grethel (1917), republished as Hansel and Gretel (2012)
• All About the Little Small Red Hen ^[19] (1917)
• Sunny Bunny by Nina Wilcox Putnam (1918)
• The Bam Bam Clock by J.P. McEvoy (1920)
• Quacky Doodles' and Danny Daddles' Book (1916)

This literature-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johnny Gruelle.

• Works by Johnny Gruelle at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Johnny Gruelle at Internet Archive
• Works by Johnny Gruelle at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Raggedy History from publishers Simon & Schuster
• Johnny Gruelle, Inspired Illustrator by Patricia Hall
• Toonopedia entry on Mr Twee Deedle
• Johnny Gruelle at Find a Grave