John Rabe (film)

John Rabe
Directed by	Florian Gallenberger
Produced by	Benjamin Herrmann Mischa Hofmann Jan Mojto
Written by	Florian Gallenberger
Starring	Ulrich Tukur Daniel Brühl Steve Buscemi Anne Consigny Jingchu Zhang
Music by	Annette Focks
Cinematography	Jürgen Jürges
Edited by	Hansjörg Weißbrich
Release dates	2 April 2009 (2009-04-02) (Germany) 27 April 2011 (2011-04-27) (France)
Running time	134 mins
Country	Germany China France
Language	Mandarin Chinese Cantonese German English Japanese
Budget	€15,151,200 ¥136,612,000 US$20,000,000

John Rabe (released in the United Kingdom as City of War: The Story of John Rabe) is a 2009 German-Chinese-French biopictorial film directed by Florian Gallenberger and starring Ulrich Tukur, Daniel Brühl and Steve Buscemi.

It focuses upon the experiences of John Rabe, a German businessman who used his Nazi Party membership to create a protective International Safety Zone in Nanking, China, helping to save over 200,000 Chinese from the Nanking Massacre in late 1937 and early 1938. The massacre and its associated atrocities were committed subsequent to the Battle of Nanking by the invading Imperial Japanese Army after they defeated the Chinese Nationalist forces defending the city during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Based upon John Rabe's published wartime diaries, shooting for the film commenced in 2007,^[1] and it premiered at the 59th Berlin Film Festival on 7 February 2009. Upon the film's release it did not receive theatrical distribution in Japan and was the subject of vociferous refutations by Japanese ultranationalists who denied the events ever took place.^[2]

Plot

The film begins in Nanking during late 1937, where German businessman John Rabe, director of the local Siemens subsidiary, and his wife Dora have resided for almost thirty years. The thought of transferring management to his successor Fliess and returning to Berlin is a substantial professional setback for him. During the farewell ball in his honor, Nanking is bombarded by planes of the Japanese forces. Rabe opens the company gate and saves the panicked civilians.

While the fires are being put out the next morning and the damages are inspected, the remaining foreigners in the city discuss what they can do in the face of the threat. Dr. Rosen, a German Embassy Attache of partly Jewish descent, reports about Shanghai where a safety zone was established for civilians. His suggestion of a similar zone is warmly supported by his superior, Ambassador Trautmann, and Valérie Dupres, director of the International Girls College. John Rabe is nominated as the chairman of the international committee, since he is a German "ally" of the Japanese. The committee meets, though with the initial reluctance of Dr. Robert O. Wilson, the U.S. head doctor of a local hospital, who harbors ideological antipathy towards the German "Nazi" Rabe. The next day, Rabe sends his wife back to his own country. Tragically, the ship is bombed, and the passengers onboard are killed, presumably including his wife.

Meanwhile, Japanese forces have captured many National Revolutionary Army soldiers during a battle outside of Nanking. Nanking is then brutally overrun. John Rabe and the international committee however manage to have the Nanking Safety Zone recognized by the Japanese authorities. Hundreds of thousands seek refuge; more than anticipated and overstretching the committee's resources. Further atrocities follow, and every member of the committee tries their best to keep these innocent people safe. Mme. Dupres stoutly refuses to give up the Chinese soldiers hidden in the attic of the Girls College.

Under all the stress, Dr. Wilson and Rabe become friends, drinking, singing, and playing the piano together. The committee celebrates Christmas. Some packages have made it to them from the outside world. Rabe even gets an unmarked one. It is a Gugelhupf cake. Rabe faints as he realizes that his wife must have sent him this, his favorite cake, as a secret message that she is safe and well. His friends rush to his aid. Dr. Wilson discovers that Rabe is diabetic and has run out of insulin. The doctor manages then to procure some vital insulin from the Japanese authorities.

Life, and survival, become more desperate in the new year. Rabe offers his last savings to buy supplies. As Japanese troops march up to the gates of the zone, Chinese civilians form human shields together with the international committee. Japanese tanks are brought into position as well, but before a shot can be fired, the horn of a steamboat signals the return of Western diplomats and journalists.

The film ends with Rabe making his farewells. Carrying a small suitcase, he is escorted by a troupe of Japanese through the ruins of Nanking to the harbor. There he is recognized and cheered by the Chinese. Finally, he is reunited with his wife on the pier.

Cast

Most major characters are historically accurate. However, Rabe's important fellow Nanking Safety Zone committee member Minnie Vautrin, actual director of the Ginling Girls College, is substituted by a fictive French Lady Valérie Dupres of an "International Girls College".

Production

Florian Gallenberger stated that although working with the Chinese censorship authorities was protracted, it was not impossible. The resulting film was deemed satisfactory. International Sino-Japanese politics was a more erratic interference. At one point concern about good relations because of a major gas exploration joint-venture caused production to be halted. When a Japanese school book was published without the inclusion of the Nanking Massacre however, the go-ahead was given again.^[4]

Awards

The film picked up over seven German Film Awards nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (Gallenberger), Best Actor (Tukur) and Best Supporting Actor (for Buscemi, one of the few times that a Lola nomination has been given to a non-German citizen – Buscemi is American). It won the awards for Best Film, Best Actor, Best Production Design and Best Costume Design. Lead actor Ulrich Tukur also won the 2009 Bavarian Film Awards for Best Actor.

Reception

Japan

In Japan, none of the major film companies were willing to watch the screening.^[5] Florian Gallenberger also confirmed those difficulties.^[4] The director was asked by one potential Japanese film distributor if they could remove all footage of Prince Asaka, who was commander of the Japanese forces in its final assault on Nanking, but the distributor refused.^[6] Asaka was the presiding officer under which the order to "kill all captives" was issued, thus providing official sanction for the Nanking Massacre.

The film, which did not have a theatrical release in Japan and was one of several made commemorating the 70th anniversary of the events of Nanjing, met with vociferous opposition from right-wing nationalists in Japan who even released a number of Japanese films claiming that the Nanking Massacre never occurred.^[2]

The film finally released in Japan on 17 May 2014 by Film Festival for Preserving the Historical Facts of Nanjing(Japanese: 南京・史実を守る映画祭).^[7]

United States

John Rabe received a 'fresh' rating of 75% based on 24 positive published reviews out of 32, at the aggregated film review website Rotten Tomatoes, and a 77% audience approval rating based on over 640 votes at the same site.^[8]

The film, which has been compared to Schindler's List, and The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, also met with a favourable reception from The New York Times.^[9]

See also

• City of Life and Death, a Chinese film also released in 2009 and about the Rape of Nanking
• Georg Rosen, another notable member of the International Safety Zone Committee
• The Good Man of Nanking, Rabe's diaries
• Japanese war crimes
• John Rabe
• Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall
• Nanjing Requiem, a novel by Ha Jin
• Nanking, a U.S. documentary film released in 2007
• Nanking Massacre
• The Rape of Nanking, a 1997 book by Iris Chang

References

The Rape of Nanking - Iris Chang (1997) Penguin

External links

• John Rabe at the Internet Movie Database
• Official website
• John Rabe Peace and Communication Center Heidelberg, Germany