John Jumper
For the retired Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, see John P. Jumper.
John Jumper (1820–1896) was Principal Chief of the Seminole Nation from 1849 to 1865, and again from 1882 to 1885. He was also a Baptist pastor. Jumper led those Seminole who supported the Confederacy, signing a treaty with the new government in the hope of gaining an Indian state if they were successful. He served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Confederate Army Seminole Mounted Volunteers.[1]
After the war, given the Seminole alliance with the Confederacy, the United States forced the tribe to sign a new peace treaty. They were required to emancipate their slaves, as the US had done, and to offer those who wanted to stay in Indian Territory full citizenship in the tribe.