Jim Anderton

The Honourable
Jim Anderton
Hon. Jim Anderton in 2010
15th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand
In office
5 December 1999 – 15 August 2002
Prime Minister Helen Clark
Preceded by Wyatt Creech
Succeeded by Michael Cullen
Leader of Progressive Party
In office
2002–2012
Deputy Matt Robson
Preceded by Position Established
Succeeded by Position Abolished
7th President of the Labour Party
In office
1979–1984
Preceded by Arthur Faulkner
Succeeded by Margaret Wilson
Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for Wigram (previously Sydenham)
In office
1984–2011
Preceded by John Kirk
Succeeded by Megan Woods
Majority 8,548[1]
Personal details
Born 21 January 1938
Auckland, New Zealand
Political party Labour (1963–1989)
NewLabour (1989–1991)
Alliance (1991–2002)
Progressive (2002-2011)
Labour (2011-present)
Profession Businessman
Signature J Anderton
Website www.jimanderton.org.nz

James Patrick "Jim" Anderton (born 21 January 1938) is a New Zealand politician who led a succession of left wing parties after leaving the Labour Party in 1989. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002. In 2010, he ran unsuccessfully for the mayoralty of Christchurch. Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election.

Early life

Jim Anderton was born on 21 January 1938 in Auckland. He undertook all his education there, eventually graduating as a qualified teacher. He spent only two years in a teaching role (at St Peter's College, Auckland), however, before moving on to work as a child welfare officer. In 1960, he became involved in organisation for a Catholic youth movement, and later worked as the secretary for the Catholic diocese in Auckland.

He later moved into business, working as an export manager for a textiles company before establishing a manufacturing company with the name 'Anderton Holdings ltd' in 1971.

Entering politics

His political career began when he was elected to the Manukau City Council in 1965, and again in 1974. He joined the Auckland Regional Authority in 1977. At the same time, he worked his way up the internal hierarchy of the Labour Party, which he had joined in 1963. He became the party's president in 1979, a year before his term with the Auckland Regional Authority ended. He was also a long-standing member of the party's policy council.

Member of Parliament

Parliament of New Zealand
Years Term Electorate List Party
1984–1987 41st Sydenham Labour
1987–1989 42nd Sydenham Labour
1989–1990 Changed allegiance to: NewLabour
1990–1991 43rd Sydenham NewLabour
1991–1993 Changed allegiance to: Alliance
1993–1996 44th Sydenham Alliance
1996–1999 45th Wigram 1 Alliance
1999–2002 46th Wigram 1 Alliance
2002–2005 47th Wigram 1 Progressive
2005–2008 48th Wigram 1 Progressive
2008–2011 49th Wigram 1 Progressive

In the 1984 general election, Anderton stood successfully as the Labour candidate for Sydenham in Christchurch, becoming a member of the Fourth Labour Government.[2] He soon came into conflict with the party's leadership, and became one of the most outspoken critics of Minister of Finance Roger Douglas. Douglas and his allies, Richard Prebble and David Caygill, were determined to implement radical reforms of the country's economic system, known unofficially as "Rogernomics". This involved a monetarist approach to controlling inflation, the removal of tariffs and subsidies, and the privatisation of state assets, all of which were regarded by Anderton as a betrayal of the party's left-wing roots, and an abandonment of the party's election platform.

Anderton's severe criticism of Douglas and his reforms earned him the enmity of many within the party, including some of those who otherwise shared Anderton's frustration; his public comments were seen as damaging the party's public image.

1989 split from Labour

Although many ordinary members of the Labour Party (who were unhappy at the way the party's parliamentary wing was behaving) backed Anderton, he became increasingly isolated in parliament. When Anderton disobeyed party instructions to vote in favour of selling the Bank of New Zealand (which Labour had explicitly promised not to do), he was suspended from caucus. In April 1989, believing that Labour was beyond change, Anderton resigned from the party. He later said, "I did not leave the Labour Party; the Labour Party left me."

On 1 May, Anderton announced the creation of the NewLabour Party, intended to represent the "real" spirit of the original Labour Party. Its primary goals were state intervention in the economy, retention of public assets, and full employment. In the 1990 general election Anderton retained his Sydenham seat, ensuring that NewLabour (and Anderton's criticism) would not fade away. He was the first MP in New Zealand political history to leave an established party, found another and be re-elected to Parliament representing that new party. In parliament, Anderton attacked the policies of the new National Party government, particularly Ruth Richardson's continuation of Rogernomics.

Alliance

Anderton and NewLabour were at the centre of the Alliance Party established in 1991. He became leader of the new party and in the 1993 election, was joined in parliament by Alliance colleague Sandra Lee-Vercoe. He briefly stepped down as leader of the Alliance for family reasons in November 1994, but was persuaded to return in May 1995.

In the 1996 election, the first to be held under the Mixed Member Proportional system, the Alliance won 13 seats in Parliament. Anderton retained his constituency seat (the electorate was now renamed Wigram) and he was joined in Parliament by 12 List MPs.

Anderton was the most prominent critic of the rash of party-switching (sometimes called "waka jumping" in New Zealand) that characterised the 45th Parliament, although remained silent about his own past party-switching. When Alamein Kopu, a list MP from his party, declared herself an independent and supported the National-led coalition, Anderton blasted her, saying her behaviour "breached every standard of ethics that are known." He later started a "Go Now" petition calling on Kopu and every other party-switching MP to resign; like Anderton himself in 1989 they chose not to resign. When Kopu founded her own party, Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata in support of the government, Anderton suggested that the new party's creation smacked of corruption – as a party leader rather than a mere independent, Kopu received an additional $80,000 in funding.

Coalition Government

By the late 1990s, Labour under Helen Clark had largely purged itself of the influence of Roger Douglas. Realising that the cost of a split in the left-wing vote was a continued National government, the two parties agreed to form a coalition for the 1999 elections. Anderton became Deputy Prime Minister after National lost the election. He was also given the newly created post of Minister of Economic Development, which had an emphasis on job creation and regional development initiatives.

Towards the end of the parliamentary term Anderton came into conflict with the Alliance's administrative wing. Party president Matt McCarten and his allies claimed that the Alliance had become too close to Labour, and that it should take a less moderate path; Anderton replied that some moderation was required for the Alliance to accomplish any of its goals. There were complaints that Anderton was too dominant in the party's decision-making and over the fact that he supported the government's stance on the bombing of Afghanistan, while the executive and wider membership opposed it. Eventually, Anderton and three other MPs left the Alliance, establishing the Progressive Coalition, later renamed the Progressive Party. In order to get around the Electoral Integrity Act, which had been passed largely because of Anderton's complaints about waka jumping, Anderton technically remained the Alliance's parliamentary leader until the writ was dropped for the 2002 election.

In the election, Anderton was returned to Parliament, and the Progressives took the Alliance's place as Labour's coalition partner. Although Anderton won his electorate, the small amount of support the Progressives received (1.4% of the party vote) was enough for only one other Progressive – deputy leader Matt Robson – to enter Parliament. Anderton gave up the deputy prime minister's post to Minister of Finance and Labour deputy leader Michael Cullen. He remained Minister of Economic Development, and also held other ministerial portfolios. He ranked third in Cabinet, behind Clark and Cullen.

In the runup to the 2005 election Anderton renamed his party "Jim Anderton's Progressive Party". However, he was the only Progressive returned to Parliament by a narrow margin after many left-wing voters voted for Labour to prevent a National government from being elected due to a split on the left. He became Minister of Agriculture, Minister for Biosecurity, Minister of Fisheries, Minister of Forestry, Minister Responsible for the Public Trust, Associate Minister of Health, and Associate Minister for Tertiary Education.

The 2008 election saw a swing to the right, with National winning approximately 45% of the party vote to Labour's 34%. Anderton retained his seat but the Progressives' share of the party vote remained low, at less than one percent.[3] In a move described as "unorthodox" by the New Zealand Herald, Anderton announced that he would remain in coalition with Labour in opposition. He said that a priority for the Progressives would be to support better access to dental care.[4]

Mayoral candidacy

Anderton announced in May 2010 that he would contest the Christchurch mayoralty.[5] He initially said that if elected to the mayoralty he would not give up his seat in Parliament because he didn't want to cause an expensive by-election.[6] However, following the 2010 Canterbury earthquake Anderton announced he would stand down as MP for Wigram if elected mayor so he could fully focus on rebuilding the city.[7] Anderton was leading the polls until the earthquake hit. He lost the election, taking 40.6% of the vote to incumbent mayor Bob Parker's 53.7% of the vote, with the rest of the vote split amongst numerous minor candidates.

Retirement

Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election. The Progressive Party did not run candidates in that election. At the time, he held the unofficial title of Father of the House as the longest continuously serving MP. During the election campaign, Anderton endorsed Labour candidate and previously unsuccessful mayoral candidate Megan Woods to succeed him in his electorate.[8] Woods was elected.[9]

References

  1. ↑ "2005 election results – Official Count Results – Wigram". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
  2. ↑ Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 180. OCLC 154283103.
  3. ↑ Election results 2008.
  4. ↑ "Anderton to stay with Labour, even in opposition". The New Zealand Herald. 19 November 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  5. ↑ "Anderton to run for mayor" (in Christchurch). The Press. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  6. ↑ "Jim Anderton won't give up seat if elected mayor". NZPA. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  7. ↑ Booker, Jarrod (12 September 2010). "Anderton presses on with mayoral bid". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
  8. ↑ http://www.meganwoods.org.nz/2011/09/anderton-endorses-woods-for-wigram/
  9. ↑ http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2011/electorate-63.html

External links

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New Zealand Parliament
Preceded by
John Kirk		 Member of Parliament for Sydenham
1984–1996 		Constituency abolished
Vacant
Constituency recreated after abolition in 1978
Title last held by
Mick Connelly		 Member of Parliament for Wigram
1996–2011 		Succeeded by
Megan Woods
Party political offices
Preceded by
Arthur Faulkner		 President of the Labour Party
1979–1984 		Succeeded by
Margaret Wilson
New political party Leader of the NewLabour Party
1993–1994 		Party merged into the Alliance party
Leader of the Alliance
1993–1994
1995–2002 		Succeeded by
Sandra Lee-Vercoe
Preceded by
Sandra Lee-Vercoe		 Succeeded by
Laila Harré
New political party Leader of the Progressive Party
2002–2012 		Party dissolved
Political offices
Preceded by
Wyatt Creech		 Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand
1999–2002 		Succeeded by
Michael Cullen
Preceded by
Jim Sutton		 Minister of Agriculture
2005–2008 		Succeeded by
David Carter