Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo

Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo

1988 Enthronement With Dakini Crown
Religion Tibetan Buddhism
School Vajrayana Nyingma
Lineage Palyul
Other names Catharine Burroughs
Dharma names Ahkon Norbu Lhamo
Personal
Nationality United States
Born October 12, 1949
Brooklyn, New York
Senior posting
Based in Poolesville, Maryland
Religious career
Teacher HH Drubwang Pedma Norbu Rinpoche
Reincarnation Genyenma Ahkon Lhamo, Mandarava
Website http://tara.org

Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo (born October 12, 1949; born Alyce Louise Zeoli) is an enthroned tulku within the Palyul lineage of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. In the late 1980s, she gained international attention as the first Western woman to be named a reincarnate lama.[1] She continues to serve as Spiritual Director for Kunzang Odsal Palyul Changchub Choling, a Buddhist center in Poolesville, Maryland, which includes one of the largest communities of Western monks and nuns in North America. She went on to found a center in Sedona, Arizona, U.S.A.[2] Jetsunma has been described by her own teachers, as well as many other Tibetan Buddhist lamas who have visited her temple, as a dakini or female wisdom being, and is thus viewed in that way by her students.[3]

Biography

Early years

Zeoli was born in Canarsie, Brooklyn on October 12, 1949, to an Austrian/Dutch Jewish mother and Italian father, alternately attended the Dutch Reform Church and Catholic Church in her youth.[1][4] The family moved to Hialeah, Florida when she was 14.[5] Enduring a home life of alcoholism and physical abuse of the children, Zeoli tried unsuccessfully to run away at age 17. After finishing high school, she married Jim Perry and gave birth to her first son, Ben. The marriage soon ended in divorce and she moved to a farm outside Asheville, North Carolina with Pat Mulloy.[6] They got married and she had another son, Christopher.[7]

It was at that farmhouse in Asheville where, based on a series of instructive dreams starting at age 19, she began meditation practice and independent spiritual training, culminating in a spiritual experience at age 30.[8] She studied with a New Age teacher named Jim Gore and gave channeled psychic readings at the Black Mountain Light Center in North Carolina.[9][10]

In 1980, she met Michael Burroughs, a graduate student in religions at the University of Virginia. She and Mulloy separated in 1981.[11]

Zeoli moved with Burroughs and her two sons to Kensington, Maryland. She married Burroughs in 1983 and changed her name to Catharine Burroughs. Together they formed the Center For Discovery and New Life beginning with former members from the Black Mountain Light Center. She continued to give channeled teachings, specifically a three-year cycle of teachings from a being called Santu and the prophet Jeremiah[9][12] called the "Santu Series."[13][14][15]

Her group quickly expanded, with the students practicing the meditation techniques Zeoli herself practiced from her dreams, a version of Jim Gore's Light Expansion Prayer, and taking vows of compassion that Zeoli composed. The group began a 24-hour prayer vigil in the basement of their Kensington home in April, 1985[16] inspired by her experiences when she searched for a place to pray and found locked doors.[17]

Meeting her root guru

In 1984, Zeoli’s growing group of students met a Tibetan man named Kunzang, Penor Rinpoche's main lay attendant, who was selling rugs to support Namdroling Monastery.[9] The students sponsored seventy Namdroling monks.[16] A few months later, Penor Rinpoche stayed with the Burroughs on his first visit to the US. During that week, he interviewed most of Jetsunma’s students, as well as Jetsunma herself, about what was being taught and what they were practicing.[18] At the time, he concluded that Zeoli had been “teaching Mahayana Buddhism without any formal instruction”[18] and attributed it to a very high level of practice accomplished in previous lifetimes.[19][20] Penor Rinpoche then gave Jetsunma's students the traditional refuge and bodhisattva vows, which constitute formal entry into the Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhist paths, respectively.[21][22] Rinpoche visited the meditation and prayer center operated by the Burroughs, which at the time was nonsectarian rather than Buddhist.[1]

Thereafter Zeoli continued the channeled teachings, but they took on a more Buddhist flavor,[9][12] for example gradually shifting terms such as "Christ consciousness" to "Buddha consciousness" between 1984 and 1987. Beset by health problems, she also made a trip in 1986 to Ashland, Oregon to visit Gyatrul Rinpoche, one of Penor Rinpoche’s other hosts on his American tour the previous year. She formed a “strong and immediate” connection[23] with Gyatrul Rinpoche, himself recognized as an incarnation of Palyul Monastery’s founder, Rigdzin Kunzang Sherab (1636-1699).[24] Gyatrul Rinpoche echoed the sentiment that the practices and teachings that naturally arose in Zeoli’s mind were due to many past lifetimes as a lama, and encouraged her to visit Penor Rinpoche in India to investigate the matter further.[25]

Expansion

In 1985, the Center for Discovery and New Life formed a corporation and purchased an antebellum style mansion in Poolesville, Maryland. They also purchased numerous large crystals[26] weighing hundreds of pounds and held a three-day retreat to bring in Universal Spirit as they reinstituted the 24 hour prayer vigil at the new location.[27] Already overextended with their new mortgage, the crystals, and extensive renovations in anticipation of HH Penor Rinpoche's first visit, the temple was forced to refinance.[28]

Participants have maintained two-hour prayer shifts.[17][29] The vigil is dedicated to the end of suffering and has remained largely unbroken.[17][30] In 1999, Kunzang Palyul Choling (KPC) began another 24 hour prayer vigil shortly after Alyce established the Sedona, Arizona location.[17]

In 1996, in addition to the temple, prayer vigil, teachings and stupas, Jetsunma's vision for Kunzang Palyul Choling included a place for pilgrimage with a hospice, school for children, a monastery and an institute for higher education in the Buddha's teachings.[31] The school, called Pema Choling, ran from 1992 to 1997, and the Migyur Dorje Institute continued from 1996 through 2001.

Buddhist recognitions

The Third Drubwang Padma Norbu (“Penor”) Rinpoche, 11th Throneholder of Palyul Monastery, former Supreme Head of the Nyingma tradition, described as a rather unassailable figure in Tibetan Buddhism,[32] officially recognized Ahkon Lhamo in 1987 as the tulku of Genyenma Ahkon Lhamo during her visit to his Namdroling Monastery in Bylakuppe, Karnataka, India.[33] As is customary, Penor Rinpoche sought confirmation of his recognition before announcing it. He received it from both Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (1910–91), the then Supreme Head of the Nyingma tradition who was on a teaching visit to Namdroling at the time, and the most senior Palyul tulku, the Second Dzongnang Jampal Lodro Rinpoche (d. 8/87).[34]

The Buddha From Brooklyn asserts that the students determine what title they will use for their own teacher and that Zeoli's ex-husband, Michael Burroughs, selected the title 'Jetsunma' for her.[35] This is a title rarely given to even the most revered Tibetan Buddhist women teachers.[36]

Predecessor

The first Genyenma Ahkon Lhamo, a meditator recognized as a primordial wisdom dakini[3] was one of the main disciples of Namchö Mingyur Dorje (1645–67)[3] and sister of Rigdzin Kunzang Sherab, Migyur Dorje’s Dharma heir[37] and the First Throneholder of Palyul Monastery (founded 1665).[8] She is remembered both as being instrumental in the founding of Palyul (now one of the Nyingma’s six main or "mother" monasteries[38]) and for leaving an extraordinary relic. During the cremation of her body, her kapala (top half of the skull) is said to have flown three kilometers and come to rest at the foot of the teaching throne of her brother. Found to be miraculously embossed with the sacred syllable AH, the kapala became one of the most treasured relics at Palyul monastery.[3]

AH seed syllable seen in Ahkon Lhamo's Kapala

Penor Rinpoche has recounted how, as a young tulku in Tibet (he was recognized and brought to Palyul Monastery in 1936, at the age of four),[39] inspired by seeing the skull relic, he made prayers to find Ahkon Lhamo’s incarnation.[3][40] Though most of the kapala relic was pulverized into dust during the Cultural Revolution, one Tibetan man managed to save the silver dollar-size piece on which the syllable “AH” appears. Penor Rinpoche acquired it from him on a return trip to Tibet in 1987. He had it preserved in a crystal lotus and presented it to Jetsunma just prior to the occasion of her enthronement ceremony at Kunzang Palyul Choling (KPC) in 1988.[41] The relic remains at KPC and is displayed on auspicious days (see image at right).

Rinchen Terdzod ceremony

From June to September 1988, Penor Rinpoche was in residence at KPC in Poolesville to transmit all of the teachings contained in the Rinchen Terdzod (“Treasury of Precious Termas”), Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye’s massive 19th-century compilation of all of the extant revelations of Guru Padmasambhava’s teaching cycles known as terma. This was the first time that these teachings had ever been conferred in a Western country.,[42] According to Penor Rinpoche’s explanation at the time[43] there is a point toward the end of the Rinchen Terdzod transmissions, during the conferral of the Vajrapani empowerment from Rigdzin Godem’s Jangter (“Northern Treasures”) cycle, where it is customary to perform enthronement of tulkus. Thus, on September 24, 1988, Penor Rinpoche conducted this ceremony for Jetsunma as the tulku of Genyenma Ahkon Lhamo. Jetsunma considers Penor Rinpoche to be her root guru, along with Ven. Gyatrul Rinpoche, Spiritual Director of Yeshe Nyingpo based in Ashland, Oregon, who is recognized as an incarnation of the first Ahkon Lhamo’s brother, Rigdzin Kunzang Sherab.

Among the more than 100 tulkus Penor Rinpoche has recognized,[34] one of the only other Westerners was Steven Seagal. Penor Rinpoche announced at Namdroling Monastery in India in February, 1997, that Seagal was an incarnation of the 17th-century Palyul terton Chungdrag Dorje. Because of Seagal’s international renown as an action movie star, the announcement sparked numerous derisive articles in the mainstream US press and called into question both of Penor Rinpoche's American tulkus.[44][45][46][47][48] Penor Rinpoche subsequently released an extensive public explanation[34] describing the Tibetan tradition of tulku recognition in general, Seagal’s recognition specifically, and delineating the difference in meaning between the recognition of a tulku (Seagal’s case), in which he or she “does not take on any formal responsibilities at the time,” and the following step of enthronement (Jetsunma’s case), which “formally invests the tulku with the responsibility of furthering the activities associated with their particular tulku lineage.”

Mandarava emanation

In 1994, Terton Orgyen Kusum Lingpa indicated in a long life prayer he composed that Jetsunma was an emanation of Lhacham Mandarava, the Indian princess of Zahor and one of the consorts of Padmasambhava, a tantric master who helped establish the Buddha's teaching in Tibet.[49][50] In 1996, she traveled to India and visited many of the places where Mandarava was known to have practiced.[51] Inspired by these events, several of Jetsunma’s students sought out and found a copy of Mandarava’s middle-length spiritual biography, revealed as a terma in the 17th century by Samten Lingpa, at the U.S. Library of Congress. They then sponsored the first English translation of the text, published as The Lives and Liberation of Princess Mandarava in 1998.[52] Jetsunma’s connection with Mandarava was further reinforced in a long life prayer composed for her in 2004 by Dorje Lopen Ngawang Tenzin Rinpoche, one of the most highly respected lamas in Bhutan.[53]

Accomplishments

24-hour prayer vigils

Jetsunma believes strongly in the transformative power of prayer.[54] She initiated a 24-hour Prayer Vigil for World Peace in her Kensington, Maryland shrine room on April 18, 1985. It relocated later that year to the newly purchased World Prayer Center (now Kunzang Palyul Choling).[17] Students engage in traditional Buddhist practices in the Nyingma tradition. In addition for the ongoing prayers for peace, members and individuals not associated with KPC request prayers be dedicated to loved ones, pets, the recently deceased, or those hit by natural disasters. Occasionally Jetsunma asks that the vigil be dedicated to specific situations. For example, the members dedicated eight months of prayer for Asia Claus, a three-year-old daughter of temple members who was suffering from her second bout of cancer. The effort concluded when doctors could find no trace of the cancer, sparking renewed media attention.[55][56]

The Maryland vigil continues unbroken to the present day.[57] A simultaneous 24-hour Prayer Vigil was conducted by KPC students in Sedona, AZ from October 31, 1999 to August 31, 2008.[56]

Stupa construction

Like many Buddhist Lamas, Jetsunma has long extolled the benefits of building stupas, Buddhist reliquaries said to represent the mind of enlightenment in architectural form.[58] Her students built one of the first large stupas in America, the 36’ Enlightenment Stupa, as an offering to Penor Rinpoche on the occasion of his conferral of the Rinchen Terdzod empowerments in 1988. Other stupas built by Jetsunma’s students include:

Hosting of important Tibetan Buddhist teachers and teachings

Jetsunma has invited and hosted many important Nyingma and Kagyu lamas and offered her centers in Maryland and Arizona as venues for their teachings, including: HH Penor Rinpoche; Ven. Gyatrul Rinpoche; HH Khenpo Jigme Phuntsok & Ani Mumtso; HH Karma Kuchen Rinpoche; Mugsang Tulku; Khentrul Gyangkhang Rinpoche; Khenchen Tsewang Gyatso; Khenchen Pema Sherab; Khenpo Namdrol; HH Ngawang Tenzin Rinpoche (Bhutan); Ven. Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche and Ven. Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche; Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche; Ven. Yangthang Tulku; HE Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche; HH Chetsang Rinpoche; Tulku Sangngag, Choji Rinpoche; Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche; Ven. Ngagpa Yeshe Dorje; HH Orgyen Kusum Lingpa; Tulku Rigdzin Pema; Bhaka Tulku; Khenpo Tenzin Norgey; and Lama Kuntuzangpo, Baasan Lama, and Lama Baasansuren (Mongolia).

Community of monks and nuns

In September, 1988, toward the end of Penor Rinpoche’s conferral of the Rinchen Terdzod, 25 of Jetsunma’s students underwent the traditional ordination ceremony to become monks and nuns, instantly creating one of the largest communities of ordained Westerners in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition in North America.[62] Though some have since left their ordination or passed away, others have joined, and as of 2008 KPC’s ordained numbered 40.[63]

Mongolian Buddhism Revival Project

Growing out of a friendship with then Mongolian Ambassador Choinkhor and his wife Maijargal (Mongolians often use just one name), Jetsunma asked her students in 2004 to create the[64] (MBRP) to help with Mongolia’s post-Communist revival of its Buddhist culture, especially the Nyingma lineage. Permanent staff was sent to Mongolia’s capital, Ulaanbaatar, in early 2005.[65] Since that time, the MBRP has raised the funds to send many young Mongolians (men and women) to study at Penor Rinpoche’s Namdroling Monastery in India; reprinted all the fundamental collections of Nyingma scriptures that were completely missing in Mongolia and offered them to the country’s main Nyingma monastery, Khamariin Khiid; sponsored translations into modern Mongolian of philosophical texts and practice liturgies; and started a practice and study group in the capital. In June, 2009, at Jetsunma's direction, staff was removed from Mongolia.

Prison program

Since 1990, KPC volunteers have been guiding inmate Buddhist groups within the Maryland State Correctional Facility system. The project began in 1990 with visits to one inmate, and grew to a formal study program in 1998. As of 2008, there were active groups in three institutions.

Migyur Dorje Institute

From 1996–2001, Jetsunma hosted the Migyur Dorje Institute of Higher Buddhist Studies (MDI). Under this program, taught by Khenchen Tsewang Gyatso, students received complete commentary teachings on classic Buddhist texts by Shantideva, Chandrakirti, Asanga, Ngari Panchen, and Mipham Rinpoche. This curriculum was supplemented by annual 30-day retreats teaching the traditional Nyingmapa sequence of the inner tantra: Ngondro, Tsa Lung, Trekchod, and Togyal. With Penor Rinpoche’s development of a similar program at the Palyul Retreat Center in McDonough, NY, the MDI program has been discontinued.[66]

Projects pending

Monastery

In 1990, Jetsunma announced ambitious plans to build a monastery for 500 monks and nuns on 65 acres (26 ha) of land purchased by KPC. Sixteen monks and nuns were temporarily housed in a retreat center until the monastery could be built. As reported by Mirabella magazine, by 1992, Jetsunma asked that the ordained offer the retreat center to be renovated into a Lama residence.[9] The monastery has not yet been built though some ordained live on KPC property. Plans for a future monastery are still pending.

Discography

Related organizations

Current

Former

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Stevens, William K. (1988-10-26). "U.S. Woman Is Named Reborn Buddhist Saint". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
  2. ↑ Kunzang Palyul Chöling
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Zangpo, Ven. Tsering Lama Jampal. A Garland of Immortal Wish-fulfilling Trees: The Palyul Tradition of the Nyingmapa, Snow Lion Publications, pg 186
  4. ↑ Mackenzie, pg 59
  5. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 40
  6. ↑ Mackenzie, Reborn in the West, p. 61
  7. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 38-44
  8. ↑ Mackenzie, Reborn in the West, p. 61-5
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Blythe, pg 111
  10. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 44
  11. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 49
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 54
  13. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 91
  14. ↑ Pico Iyer, "The Price of Faith," Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, Summer 2000, pg 81
  15. ↑ Encyclopedia of Women and religion in North America, Indiana University Press
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 55
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Rasicot, Julie (2005-09-08). "For 20 Years, an Unbroken Chain of Prayer". Washington Post. p. GZ05. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 57
  19. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 57-8
  20. ↑ Mackenzie, Reborn in the West, p. 72
  21. ↑ What is Enlightenment magazine, Fall-Winter 1999
  22. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 58
  23. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 107
  24. ↑ Ven. Gyatrul Rinpoche
  25. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 107-8
  26. ↑ Crystals at Jetsunma's center in Maryland
  27. ↑ Nyingma.com. Kunzang Palyul Chöling, Feb 16, 2007
  28. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 146
  29. ↑ Iyer, pg 84
  30. ↑ Sherrill, Martha. "Tough Town, Sad Times. So Why Are These People Smiling?" The Washington Post, May 17, 1995
  31. ↑ Mackenzie, pg 87
  32. ↑ Sherrill. The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 7
  33. ↑ "American-born Woman Tulku Enthroned," Vajradhatu Sun, October/November 1988
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 "Statement by H.H. Penor Rinpoche Regarding the Recognition of Steven Seagal as a Reincarnation of the Treasure Revealer Chungdrag Dorje of Palyul Monastery"
  35. ↑ Sherrill, Martha (2000). The Buddha From Brooklyn. University of Virginia: Random House. pp. 149–51. ISBN 9780679452751.
  36. ↑ Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, Indiana University Press
  37. ↑ Zangpo. A Garland of Immortal Wish-fulfilling Trees: The Palyul Tradition of the Nyingmapa, pg 62
  38. ↑ Zangpo. A Garland of Immortal Wish-fulfilling Trees: The Palyul Tradition of the Nyingmapa, pg 9
  39. ↑ Zangpo. A Garland of Immortal Wish-fulfilling Trees: The Palyul Tradition of the Nyingmapa, pg 121
  40. ↑ Sherrill. The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 135
  41. ↑ Mackenzie, Vicki. "Reborn in the West" Marlowe & Company 1996 1st ed, pg 76
  42. ↑ "Rinchen Terzod Empowerments," Snow Lion Newsletter, Spring 1988
  43. ↑
  44. ↑ Pico Iyer, "The Price of Faith," Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, Summer 200, pg 86
  45. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 375
  46. ↑ Tom O'Neill, "Hollywood Goes Tibet," Us Magazine, January 1998, pg 77
  47. ↑ Will Blythe, "Mr. Popular," Outside Magazine, November 1997, pg 118
  48. ↑ Nancy Griffin, "The Buddha from Another Planet," Esquire, October 1997, pg 60
  49. ↑ Sherrill, Martha. "The Buddha from Poolesville," Washington Post, Apr 16, 2000
  50. ↑ Johnson, Allie. "Trouble in Shangri-La," Kansas City - News, Apr 22, 2004
  51. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 313
  52. ↑ Chonam, Lama and Khandro, Sangye. "The Lives and Liberation of Princess Mandarava, The Indian Consort of Padmasambhava" Wisdom Publications 1998, Translator's Preface, pg x
  53. ↑ Ngawang Tenzin Rinpoche
  54. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 363-4
  55. ↑ Hansen, Nate. "All she wants for Christmas is life" Red Rock News, December 16, 2005
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Hansen, Nate. "'Pilar' of life, Asia Claus recovers from cancer" Red Rock News, June 2, 2006
  57. ↑ Hirsch, Arthur. "World unrest fuels Buddhist vigil" Baltimore Sun, June 21, 2004
  58. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 11, 31, 66-7
  59. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 122-8
  60. ↑ "KPC Ceremonies To Dedicate Stupa" Red Rock News, July 14, 2004
  61. ↑ Mackenzie, pg 86
  62. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 66, 142-45, 158-66
  63. ↑ Pico Iyer, "The Price of Faith," Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, Summer 2000
  64. ↑ Mongolian Buddhism Revival Project
  65. ↑ Snow Lion Newsletter Online
  66. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 336-7
  67. ↑ Arizona Republic, October 5, 2005
  68. ↑ Montgomery Gazette, November 28, 2007
  69. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 182
  70. ↑ Brace, Eric. "Limelight," Washington Post, Feb 23, 1992
  71. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 74
  72. ↑ Sherrill, The Buddha From Brooklyn, pg 78
  73. ↑ Sugarman, Carole. "The Chocolate Passion Of Poolesville's Buddhists," Washington Post, Oct 21, 1992

References

Further reading