Jayanta

For other uses, see Jayant (disambiguation).

In Hindu mythology, Jayanta (Sanskrit: जयन्त, "victorious"[1]), also spelled as Jayant, is the son of Indra, the king of the gods (Devas) and his consort Shachi.[2] He resides in Svarga, the Hindu heaven, governed by Indra. He has a sister called Jayanti. He appears in various Hindu scriptures as fighting wars on behalf of the gods and his father. Jayanta also appears in the epic Ramayana and other lore, in which he disguises himself as a crow.

As a crow

Rama shoots the Brahmastra on Jayanta, disguised as a crow and who is flying here and there to escape the weapon.

In the Sundara Kanda (fifth Book of the epic Ramayana), when Hanuman meets Sita, she narrates an incident that happened in the forest in Chitrakuta. The prince of Ayodhya and avatar of god Vishnu, Rama is exiled to the forest with his wife Sita (an avatar of Vishnu's wife Lakshmi) and brother Lakshmana. A fatigued Rama was sleeping in the lap of Sita, when a crow attacked her. The crow pecks at her twice on her feet.[3] Rama is awakened by the stirrings and recognizes the crow whose claws were dripping in blood as the son of Indra. An enraged Rama, at the behest of Sita, unleashes the divine weapon Brahmastra (made of a grass arrow) on the crow, who flees in fear. The crow flies across the universe, but the weapon follows. Turned back by Indra, the gods and rishis (sages), the crow takes refuge in Rama and surrenders to him. The son of Indra requests pardon, but Rama says that the Brahmastra cannot be withdrawn. So, the son of Indra asks it to hit the crow's right eye, and he is left half-blind.[2][4] While Jayanta is not explicitly named in the episode, various commentaries on the like the Tilaka and the Bhushana by Govindaraja identify Jayanta as the "son of Indra"; some other commentaries do not identify any individual son of Indra. Govindaraja says only Jayanta is known as the son of Indra.[5]

Besides the Ramayana, Jayanta is said to have assumed the form of the crow in some tellings of the Samudra manthan episode. A pot of amrita (elixir of life) emerged from the churning of the ocean by the gods and the demons. The demons seized the pot, but Jayanta took it from them in the guise of a crow. Pursued by the demons, he flew for twelve days without rest. He stopped at four locations on earth: Prayag, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik, where the Kumbha Mela is celebrated every twelve years in remembrance of the incident.[5]

Fighting on behalf of the gods

The last Book Uttara Kanda of the Ramayana describes a battle between Indra and the rakshasa (demon) king Ravana. While Indra battles Ravana, Jayanta fights with Ravana's son Meghanada. A fierce battle ensues between Jayanta and Meghanada; ultimately Ravana's son strikes Jayanta, who falls unconscious. In the confusion, Puloma, his maternal grandfather, takes Jayanta away from the battlefield, unseen by anyone and hides him in the ocean. Indra presumes Jayanta dead and fights more powerfully, but Meghanada defeats him too.[2][6]

Jayanta is also described to fight in the battle between the gods and asuras (demons) in the Padma Purana.[5] The Harivamsa mentions the battle between Indra and the god Krishna to acquire the celestial tree Parijat from Indra's heaven. Jayanta is described battling Krishna's son Pradyumna and is defeated. In the Skanda Purana, Jayanta is defeated by the asura Surapadman, who is finally killed by the commander-in-chief of the gods, Skanda.[2]

Other legends

The Vayu Purana narrates a tale wherein Jayanta is cursed and turned into a bamboo. This tale is also told in context of devadasi lore with some variation. Once the sage Agastya arrived in Indra's court and was welcomed by Indra, by organizing a dance performance of the apsara Urvashi. In the performance, Urvashi and Jayanta looked in each other's eyes in love. The distracted Urvashi missed the beat and the dance went haywire. An agitated Agastya cursed Urvashi to be born on earth as a devadasi and Jayanta to be a bamboo tree in the Vindhya mountains. The duo bowed in reverence and prayed for mercy. The sage said that the curse will end when Urvashi will be presented with a talaikole (a bamboo staff, Jayanta) on her dance debut (Arangetram). As ordained, the lovers were released from the curse and returned to heaven, when Urvashi got united with Jayanta as the bamboo staff.[2][7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary p. 413
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Mani, Vettam (1975). Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 354. ISBN 0-8426-0822-2.
  3. ↑ Ramcharitmanas. p. http://hindi.webdunia.com/religion/religion/hindu/ramcharitmanas/AranyaKand/2.htm. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  4. ↑ Goldman pp. 216–218
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Goldman p. 456
  6. ↑ Swami Venkatesananda (1988). The Concise Ramayana of Valmiki. SUNY Press. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-88706-862-1.
  7. ↑ Ragini Devi (1990). Dance Dialects of India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-208-0674-0.

References