Javanese numerals
The Javanese language has a decimal numeral system with distinct words for the 'tweens' from 21 to 29, called likuran.
The basic numerals 1–10 have independent and combining forms, the latter derived via a suffix -ng. The combining forms are used to form the tens, hundreds, thousands, and millions. The numerals 1–5 and 10 have distinct high-register (halus, or in Javanese krama) and low register (ngoko) forms. The halus forms are listed below in italics. (Dasa 10 is derived from Sanskrit désa.)
Like English, Javanese has compound forms for the teens; however, it also has a series of compound 'tweens', 21–29. The teens are based on a root -(wə)las, the tweens on -likur, and the tens are formed by the combining forms. Hyphens are not used in the orthography, but have been added to the table below to clarify their derivation.
Final orthographic -a tends to [ɔ] in many dialects, as does any preceding a (as in sanga [sɔŋɔ] 9).
| Unit | Teens | Tweens | Tens | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | siji setunggal | sewelas/suwelas setunggalwelas 11 | selikur setunggallikur 21 | sepuluh 10 sedasa sejinah (market term) |
| 2 | loro kalih | rolas kalihwelas 12 | rolikur/lolikur kalihlikur 22 | rongpuluh 20 kalihdasa rong-jinah (market) |
| 3 | telu tiga | telulas 13 tigangwelas/tigawelas | telulikur tiganglikur 23 tigalikur | telungpuluh 30 tigangdasa telungjinah (market) |
| 4 | papat sekawan | patbelas/pakbelas sekawanwelas 14 | patlikur/pakdelikur sekawanlikur 24 | patangpuluh/petangpuluh 40 patangdasa/petangdasa patangjinah (market) |
| 5 | lima gangsal | limalas gangsalwelas 15 | selawé selangkung 25 | sèket setunggalèket 50 limangjinah (market) |
| 6 | (e)nem | nembelas 16 | nemlikur 26 | sewidak/suwidak 60 nemdasa nemjinah (market) |
| 7 | pitu | pitulas 17 | pitulikur 27 | pitungpuluh 70 pitungdasa pitungjinah (market) |
| 8 | wolu | wolulas 18 | wolulikur 28 | wolungpuluh 80 wolungdasa wolungjinah (market) |
| 9 | sanga | sangalas 19 | sangalikur 29 | sangangpuluh 90 sangangdasa sangangjinah (market) |
Parallel to the tens are the hundreds (satus, rongatus); the thousands (sèwu, rongèwu), and the millions (sayuta, rongyuta), except that the compounds of five and six are formed with limang- and nem- (séket 50 and suwidak/sewidak 60 are suppletive).
Old Javanese Numerals
| Unit | Teens | Tweens | Tens | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eka esa | éka-dasa 11 | eka-dwidasa 21 | dasa 10 |
| 2 | dwi | dwi-dasa 12 | dwi-dwidasa 22 | wingsati 20 |
| 3 | tri | tri-dasa 13 | tri-dwidasa 23 | tridasa 30 |
| 4 | catur | catur-dasa 14 | catur-dwidasa 24 | caturdasa 40 |
| 5 | panca | panca-dasa 15 | panca-dwidasa 25 | pancadasa 50 |
| 6 | sad | sad-dasa 16 | sad-dwidasa 26 | sasthi 60 |
| 7 | sapta | sapta-dasa 17 | sapta-dwidasa 27 | saptadasa 70 |
| 8 | asta | asta-dasa 18 | asta-dwidasa 28 | astadasa 80 |
| 9 | nawa | nawa-dasa 19 | nawa-dwidasa 29 | nawadasa 90 |
See also
- Balinese numerals, a related but yet more complex numeral system.
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