Japanese battleship Katori
 Katori at anchor | |
| Career (Japan) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | Katori |
| Namesake: | Katori Shrine |
| Builder: | Vickers Barrow-in-Furness, UK |
| Laid down: | 27 April 1904 |
| Launched: | 4 July 1905 |
| Commissioned: | 20 May 1906 |
| Decommissioned: | 20 September 1923 |
| Out of service: | April 1922 |
| Struck: | 23 October 1923 |
| Fate: | Scrapped, 1924–25 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Katori-class pre-dreadnought battleship |
| Displacement: | 15,950 long tons (16,210 t) (normal) |
| Length: | 456 ft 3 in (139.1 m) |
| Beam: | 78 ft (23.8 m) |
| Draught: | 27 ft (8.2 m) |
| Installed power: | 16,000 shp (12,000 kW) 20 Niclausse boilers |
| Propulsion: | 2 shafts, 2 Vertical triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed: | 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph) |
| Range: | 12,000 nmi (22,000 km; 14,000 mi) at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) |
| Complement: | 864 |
| Armament: | 2 × twin 12-inch guns 4 × single 10-inch guns 12 × single 6 in (152 mm) QF guns 12 × single 12-pounder guns 3 × single 3-pounder guns 5 × 18-inch torpedo tubes |
| Armour: | Krupp cemented armour Belt: 3.5–9 in (89–229 mm) Deck: 2–3 in (51–76 mm) Main gun turrets: 9 in (229 mm) |
Katori (香取 (戦艦)) was the lead ship of the two Katori-class pre-dreadnought battleships built in the first decade of the 20th Century, the last to be built by British shipyards for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). Ordered just before the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, the ship was completed a year after its end. She saw no combat during World War I, although the ship was present when Japan joined the Siberian Intervention in 1918. Katori was disarmed and scrapped in 1923–25 in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.
Design and description
The Katori-class ships were ordered just before the start of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 as improved versions of the Royal Navy’s King Edward VII-class battleships.[1] Katori was 456 feet 3 inches (139.1 m) long overall and had a beam of 78 feet (23.8 m). She had a full-load draught of 27 feet (8.2 m) and normally displaced 15,950 long tons (16,210 t) and had a crew of 864 officers and enlisted men. The ship was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines using steam generated by 20 Niclausse boilers. The engines were rated at 16,000 indicated horsepower (12,000 kW), using forced draught, and were designed to reach a top speed of 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph). Katori, however, reached a top speed of 19.5 knots (36.1 km/h; 22.4 mph) from 18,500 indicated horsepower (13,800 kW) on her sea trials. She carried a maximum of 2,150 long tons (2,180 t) of coal and 377 long tons (383 t) of fuel oil which was sprayed on the coal to increase their power. This allowed her to steam for 12,000 nautical miles (22,000 km; 14,000 mi) at a speed of 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph).[2]
The ship's main battery consisted of four 12-inch guns mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one forward and one aft. The secondary armament consisted of four 10-inch guns mounted in four single-gun turrets positioned on each side of the superstructure. Katori also carried 12 quick-firing (QF) QF 6-inch guns, mounted in casemates on the sides of the hull and in the superstructure. A number of smaller guns were carried for defence against torpedo boats. These included a dozen QF 12-pounder guns and three 47-millimetre (1.9 in) 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns. She was also armed with five submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes, two on each broadside and one in the stern.
Katori 's waterline armour belt consisted of Krupp cemented armour and was 3.5–9 inches (89–229 mm) thick. The armour of her main gun turrets had a maximum thickness of 9 in (229 mm) and her deck ranged from 2 to 3 inches (51 to 76 mm) in thickness.[1]
Construction and career
Katori, named for a Shinto shrine in Katori City, was ordered in January 1904 from Vickers.[3] The ship was laid down at their Barrow-in-Furness shipyard on 27 April 1904.[4] She was launched on 4 July 1905, Prince and Princess Arisugawa were on hand for the official launching ceremony.[5][6] and completed on 20 May 1906.[2] Katori departed Britain on 7 June on her maiden voyage and shakedown cruise and arrived at Yokosuka on 15 August.[7]
In a naval review off Yokosuka on 10 November 1913, she served as the flagship for the Taishō Emperor.[8] Katori occupied the German colony of Saipan, shortly after the start of World War I, on 14 October 1914.[9] Afterward the ship began a refit in 1914 that lasted until late 1916 and was assigned to the 2nd Battleship Squadron upon its completion.[10] During this refit, two 12-pounder anti-aircraft guns were replaced two of the low-angle 12-pounders.[1] She became the flagship of the 5th Battleship Squadron in 1917–18 and served as the flagship for the Japanese commander-in-chief at Nikolayevsk-on-Amur in late 1918 as Japan decided to intervene in the Russian Civil War.[10]
On 3 March 1921, Katori, escorted by Kashima, departed Yokohama bound for Great Britain carrying Crown Prince Hirohito, the first Japanese crown prince to travel abroad. The ships arrived at Portsmouth on 9 May and Hirohito left the ship to tour Europe; he boarded the battleship again in Naples several months later for the voyage home.[11] The ship was disarmed in April 1922,[1] stricken from the Navy List on 20 September 1923 and scrapped at Maizuru Naval Arsensal by 29 January 1925 to comply with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty.[3]
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Gardiner & Gray, p. 227
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 22
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Brook, p. 282
- ↑ Silverstone, p. 332
- ↑ "New Japanese Battleship". New York Times (New York Times Co.). 5 July 1905. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ↑ "The Launching of the Japanese Battleship "Katori"". Hepworth Manufacturing Company. British Film Institute. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ↑ Lengerer, p. 46
- ↑ Schenking, J. Charles (1998). "Bureaucratic Politics, Military Budgets and Japan's Southern Advance: The Imperial Navy's Seizure of German Micronesia in the First World War". War in History 5 (3): 318. doi:10.1177/096834459800500303. ISSN 0968-3445.
- ↑ Peattie, p. 43
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Preston, p. 191
- ↑ Seagrave & Seagrave, pp. 105–110
References
- Brook, Peter (1985). "Armstrong Battleships for Japan". Warship International (Toledo, Ohio: International Naval Research Organization) XXII (3): 268–82. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1984). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-907-3.
- Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; Mickel, Peter (1977). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
- Lengerer, Hans (March 2009). "Japanese Battleships and Battlecruisers - Part III". Contributions to the History of Imperial Japanese Warships (VI): 7–55.
- Peattie, Mark R. (1988). Nan'yo: The Rise and Fall of the Japanese in Micronesia 1885–1945. Pacific Island Monograph Series 4. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-82481480-0.
- Preston, Antony (1972). Battleships of World War I: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Battleships of All Nations 1914–1918. New York: Galahad Books. ISBN 0-88365-300-1.
- Seagrave, Sterling; Seagrave, Peggy (1999). The Yamato Dynasty: The Secret History of Japan's Imperial Family. New York: Broadway Books.
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
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