James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead

The Right Honourable The Lord Molyneaux of Killead KBE PC
Member of the House of Lords
In office 10 June 1997 – 9 March 2015
Preceded by	None (life peer)
Succeeded by	None
Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party
In office 7 September 1979 – 8 September 1995
Preceded by	Harry West
Succeeded by	David Trimble
Member of Parliament for Lagan Valley
In office 9 June 1983 – 1 May 1997
Preceded by	Constituency created
Succeeded by	Jeffrey Donaldson
Member of Parliament for South Antrim
In office 18 June 1970 – 9 June 1983
Preceded by	Knox Cunningham
Succeeded by	Clifford Forsythe
Personal details
Born	James Henry Molyneaux (1920-08-27)27 August 1920 Killead, Ireland
Died	9 March 2015(2015-03-09) (aged 94) Antrim, Northern Ireland
Nationality	British
Political party	Ulster Unionist Party
Spouse(s)	Never married
Children	None
Residence	Killead, County Antrim
Religion	Anglican
Military service
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Air Force
Years of service	1941–1946
Rank	Flying Officer
Battles/wars	World War Two

James Henry Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead, KBE, PC (27 August 1920 – 9 March 2015)^[1] was a Northern Irish Unionist politician and was leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1979 to 1995. He was a leading member and sometime Vice-President of the Conservative Monday Club. An Orangeman,^[2] he was also Sovereign Grand Master of the Royal Black Institution from 1971 to 1995.

Early life

Born in Killead, County Antrim to William Molyneaux and Sarah Gilmore,^[3] Molyneaux was educated at nearby Aldergrove School. Although he was raised an Anglican, as a child he briefly attended a local Catholic primary school^[4] and is alleged to have expressed the view that the Catholic Church made a mistake in abandoning the Tridentine Rite. When a Catholic church near his home was burnt down by loyalist arsonists in the late 1990s, Molyneaux helped to raise funds for its rebuilding.^[4]

Military service

Molyneaux served in the Royal Air Force between 1941 and 1946. He participated in the liberation of the Belsen concentration camp, and occasionally gave interviews about what he saw there. On 1 April 1947, he was promoted to flying officer.^[5][6]

Political career

During the 1960s and 1970s, Molyneaux served on Antrim County Council, as well as a number of committees concerning local healthcare, and in 1970 was elected Ulster Unionist Member of Parliament for South Antrim. In October 1974, Molyneaux became leader of the Ulster Unionists in the House of Commons. Between 1982 and 1986 he sat as an Ulster Unionist member for South Antrim in the failed Northern Ireland Assembly. Molyneaux was admitted to the Privy Council in 1982. Following boundary changes that divided South Antrim, Molyneaux became member for the new seat of Lagan Valley in 1983. In 1985, Molyneaux resigned his seat, along with Molyneaux's Unionist colleagues in the House of Commons, in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement and was re-elected in the subsequent by-election.^[7]

Molyneaux was generally regarded as a member of the integrationist tendency within Ulster Unionism (favouring direct rule from Westminster with some extension of local government powers, as opposed to the devolutionist preference for a revived Northern Ireland parliament or assembly).^[8] This preference was widely attributed to the influence of Enoch Powell. Critics within Molyneaux's party saw Molyneux as a do-nothing leader, unduly deferential towards the Conservative Party (leading him to be taken by surprise by the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement and overshadowed by Ian Paisley). Molyneaux's defenders would argue that his primary concern was party unity, that the UUP was so divided that only a minimalist policy could hold it together and that the correctness of this perception was shown by the party's disintegration under David Trimble.^[9]

Throughout the 1980s Molyneaux was an active member of the Conservative Monday Club and was listed in a Club circular as one of its members standing for parliament in the General Election on 9th June 1983, for Lagan Valley, Northern Ireland. Molyneaux was co-opted onto the Club's Executive Council on 23rd June 1983.^[10] He later became a Vice-President. In the October 1985 Conservative Party Conference issue of the Club’s tabloid newspaper, Right Ahead, he contributed a lengthy article entitled "Northern Ireland – Ulster belongs to Britain NOT to the Irish Republic". Molyneaux had been present at the crucial Executive Council meeting of 19 December 1990 which accepted, by 11 votes to 3, the decision to stop employing salaried staff at the Club because of its' financial deficit.^[11] Molyneaux subsequently left the Monday Club in February 1991 following the disinformation campaign of that first quarter of 1991.

In 1995 Molyneaux was challenged for the leadership of the Ulster Unionists by a 21 year old student and, although winning easily, saw a strong protest vote against Molyneaux's leadership registered. Following the Ulster Unionists' poor showing in the 1995 North Down by-election, Molyneaux yielded to renewed pressure to retire as leader. On retiring as Ulster Unionist leader Molyneaux was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1996.^[12] The following year, after standing down as an MP at the 1997 General Election, Molyneaux was created a life peer on 10 June 1997 as Baron Molyneaux of Killead, of Killead in the County of Antrim.^[13]

On several occasions in his retirement, Molyneaux was publicly critical of his successor, David Trimble. He fiercely opposed the Good Friday Agreement, and in 2003 supported three Ulster Unionist MPs (David Burnside, Jeffrey Donaldson and Martin Smyth) when they resigned the party whip in protest against Trimble's leadership and the party's support for the Agreement. In the 2005 general election, Molyneaux caused a storm when he and Smyth endorsed the Democratic Unionist Party candidate Jimmy Spratt over the Ulster Unionist candidate Michael McGimpsey in Smyth's former constituency of South Belfast.^[14] Molyneaux also endorsed Donaldson, his own successor as MP for Lagan Valley, even after Donaldson had defected to the DUP. However Molyneaux also endorsed some Ulster Unionists, most notably Burnside in South Antrim. In the election, Donaldson held Lagan Valley by a large majority, while Spratt outpolled McGimpsey (though losing to the SDLP candidate Alasdair McDonnell on a split vote); many claimed that Molyneaux and Smyth's endorsements had contributed to the UUP's disastrous showing. However, Burnside lost his seat.^[15][16]

Death

Molyneaux died at the age of 94 in the county of Antrim, Northern Ireland on 9 March 2015, Commonwealth Day of 2015.^[17][18][19]

See also

• List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords
• List of Northern Ireland members of the Privy Council

References

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by James Molyneaux