James Gralton

James Gralton
Born 17 April 1886
Effrinagh, County Leitrim, Ireland
Died 1945
Bellevue Hospital, New York City, United States

James Gralton (17 April 1886–1945) was an Irish communist leader, who became a United States citizen after emigrating in 1909, and the only Irishman ever deported from Ireland.[1]

Early years

James Gralton was born on 17 April 1886 in the townland of Effrinagh, Parish of Kiltoghert, about six miles from Carrick-on-Shannon in County Leitrim. His parents were Micheal Gralton and Alice Campbell. There were four girls and three boys in the family: Winnie, Mary Ann, Alice and Maggie Kate were the girls, and the boys were Jimmy, Charles and a little boy who died young.

Gralton was reared on a small farm of about twenty-five acres of bad land, which was surrounded by some good land. The people were too poor to buy fertiliser for the crops so they had to burn some of the topsoil, and this left the land poor and shallow.

Gralton emigrated to the United States in 1909, but returned to Ireland to fight in the Irish War of Independence,[2] and later in 1932 to look after his mother, where he led the Revolutionary Workers' Group in Leitrim,[3] a predecessor of the Communist Party of Ireland. He ran a dance hall in Effrinagh[2] where he arranged free events where he expounded his political views. There were violent protests against these dances, led by Catholic priests, which culminated in a shooting incident. Following this, on 9 February 1933, he was arrested, and later deported to the United States of America, on the basis that he was an alien.[4] This led to public protests organised by the Irish Republican Army.[5]

Shortly before his death from stomach cancer, in New York on 29 December 1945, he married Bessie Cronogue (d. 1975), a woman from Drumsna, County Leitrim, only a few miles from where he had been brought up.[6]

Jimmy's Hall

It was announced in April 2014 that Jimmy's Hall, a film by British filmmaker Ken Loach based on the life of Gralton, had been selected for competition at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.[7] It was released on 30 May, 2014. This film was partially filmed in the village of Drumsna which is a village only a few kilometers from his birthplace in Effrinagh.

References

  1. ↑ "Director Ken Loach returning to Ireland". RTÉ 10. 29 April 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 MacEoin, Uinseann (1980). Survivors. Argenta Publications. p. 15. ASIN B0000EEIB7.
  3. ↑ Walsh, Pat (1994). Irish republicanism and socialism: the politics of the republican movement, 1905 to 1994. Athol Books. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-85034-071-6.
  4. ↑ Daiken, Leslie H. (1936). Good-bye, twilight: songs of the struggle in Ireland. Lawrence & Wishart. p. 102. OCLC 7327561.
  5. ↑ Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). The IRA. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-0-312-29416-8.
  6. ↑ Ferriter, Diarmaid. "DIB at the movies: James Gralton". Projects: Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  7. ↑ Smith, Neil (April 17, 2014). "Mike Leigh and Ken Loach films selected for Cannes". BBC News. Retrieved April 17, 2014.

Further resources