James Finlayson (industrialist)
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James Finlayson (29 August 1772? [1]-?1852) was a Scottish Quaker who, in effect, brought the Industrial Revolution to Tampere, Finland.
James Finlayson was probably born 1772 [1] in Glasgow, Scotland and became a self-trained engineer. He moved, in 1817, to St. Petersburg to found a textile factory with the backing of the tsar Alexander I of Russia.
In 1819 Finlayson visited the Grand Duchy of Finland, at the time under Russian rule. During his religious mission to sell bibles he visited Tampere. The next year Finlayson received permission from the Senate of Finland to build a factory in Tampere using water power from the Tammerkoski river. He moved to Tampere with his wife Margaret Finlayson.
At first Finlayson had to import machinists from England to train new workers. The first factory was completed 1823 with the aid of state loan; with the stipulation that the technology employed could be freely inspected by the public to further civic technological advancement. He manufactured machinery suitable for a textile industry but in 1828 switched from machine manufacture to cotton mills. He also founded an orphanage.
Finlayson & Compagnie
On 1 March 1836 Finlayson sold the factory to Georg Rauch and Karl Samuel Nottbeck on condition that they would retain his name for the factory. New owners complied and founded Finlayson & Compagnie. Finlayson worked in an advisory capacity for a couple of years before moving back to Scotland.
The company grew to be Tampere's largest employer, employing, at its peak, over 3,000 people. It still produces textiles. In 1995 the old factories in the center of Tampere were closed down and the old buildings converted to a commercial and entertainment district.
A weaving hall, completed in 1877 and at the time the largest in the Nordic countries housed a total of 1,200 power looms. It was named Plevna after the Siege of Plevna. It now houses several movie theaters and restaurants.
Electric lighting
The Plevna building was the first building in Finland and the fourth in Europe to be equipped with incandescent lighting. The lighting with 120 "8 candle" bulbs was first switched on on 15 March 1882. The Edison "dynamo" No:24 is still located in the building. The system used 110 volt direct current; this system was adopted to all of Tampere, resulting in a War of Currents with the later introduced Westinghouse alternating current.
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 ODNB article by Brian D. J. Denoon, ‘Finlayson, James (1772?–1852?)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 24 Dec 2007 gives probable date of birth.