James Bucknall Bucknall Estcourt

James Bucknall Bucknall Estcourt (1803-1855), was a major-general and MP.

Early life

Estcourt, son of Thomas Grimston Bucknall Estcourt, M.P., and younger brother of Thomas Henry Sutton Sotheron Estcourt, was born on 12 July 1802. He was educated at Harrow School, and entered the army as an ensign in the 44th regiment on 13 July 1820.

Light Infantry

On 7 June 1821 he was transferred to the 43rd Monmouthshire light infantry, in which he was promoted lieutenant on 9 December 1824, and captain on 4 November 1825. He spent the next ten years of his military life in garrison in England and in Canada. In 1834 he accepted the post of second in command to Colonel F. R. Chesney in the famous Euphrates Valley Expedition, and was placed in charge of the magnetic experiments. He showed himself a loyal assistant to his chief during the next two years of arduous labour and travel, and it was chiefly owing to Chesney's advocacy of his services that Estcourt was promoted major on 21 October 1836, and lieutenant-colonel by brevet on 29 March 1839.

Marriage, Promotion & Parliament

In 1837 he married Caroline, daughter of Reginald Pole-Carew, for many years Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department. On 25 August 1843 he went on half-pay, on being promoted to an unattached lientenant-colonelcy. In February 1848 he entered parliament as M.P. for Devizes, the family borough, but did not seek re-election in 1852. Estcourt applied for a staff appointment in the Crimean expedition, although he had had no experience of actual warfare.

On 21 February 1854 he was made a brigadier-general,^[1] and appointed adjutant-general to the expeditionary force.^[2] He owed this important post to the support given to his application by his friend Lord Raglan, who believed that his polished and gentle manners concealed real strength of character. As adjutant-general he performed his duties efficiently during the weary months of waiting and sickness at Gallipoli and at Varna, and also at the battles of Alma and Inkerman. He was promoted major-general on 12 December 1854.^[3]

Savage Criticism

The two chief staff officers, Generals Estcourt and Airey, were held by the public to be especially responsible for the sufferings of the English army during the first winter in the Crimea; but Lord Raglan defended them in the strongest terms in his despatches of 15 January and 3 March 1855. Estcourt, like Airey, went on steadily with his work, despite adverse circumstances and savage criticism, until 21 June 1855, when he was suddenly struck down by cholera. He at first rallied, but the thunderstorm of 23 June caused a relapse, and he died on the morning of 24 June.

Death

His death was universally regretted. Hamley writes that he was 'a man of remarkably kind and courteous disposition', and Kinglake speaks of him as 'a man greatly loved by Lord Raglan, by all his friends at headquarters, and indeed by all who knew him'.^[4] Lord Raglan was afraid to attend the funeral, for fear of showing his grief; but the last visit he paid before his own death, was to Estcourt's tomb. It was announced in the 'Gazette' of 10 July 1855 that Estcourt would have been made a K.C.B. if he had survived.^[5] His widow, who had courageously spent the winter in camp, and hsd been by her husband's deathbed, was raised to the rank of a K.C.B.'s widow by special patent in 1856.^[6] She survived until 17 November 1886, when she died at her residence, The Priory, Tetbury, Gloucestershire.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Estcourt, James Bucknall Bucknall". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. 

• "James Bucknall Bucknall Estcourt". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2005.