Jalandhar

This article is about the municipality in Punjab, India. For its namesake district, see Jalandhar district.
Jalandhar
ਜਲੰਧਰ جالندھر
Jullundur
City

Pushpa Gujral Science City,Kapurthala Road-Jalandhar[1]
Nickname(s): JUC
Jalandhar
Coordinates: 31°19′34″N 75°34′34″E / 31.326°N 75.576°ECoordinates: 31°19′34″N 75°34′34″E / 31.326°N 75.576°E
Country India
State Punjab
District Jalandhar
Government
 • Commissioner Sh. Manpreet Singh Chattwal[2]
 • Mayor Sh. Sunil Jyoti[3]
Area
 • Total 3,401 km2 (1,313 sq mi)
Elevation 228 m (748 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 862,196
 • Density 250/km2 (660/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Punjabi
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 144 001
Telephone code +91-181-XXX XXXX
Vehicle registration PB 08

Jalandhar (Punjabi Gurmukhi: ਜਲੰਧਰ Shahmukhi: جالندھر) is a city in the northwestern India state of Punjab.

The oldest city in Punjab, in recent years it has seen rapid urbanisation and developed into a highly industrialised centre of commercial activity. Jalandhar was the capital of Punjab from India's independence (1947) until Chandigarh was built in 1953. Situated on the Grand Trunk Road, it is a major rail and road junction, and is 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. The city was known as Jullundur in British India.

History

History of Jalandhar District comprises three periods - ancient, medieval and modern. According to the history of Jalandhar District, in ancient time, the district comprised the whole of the Upper Doabas from Ravi River to Sutlej River. According to the Padama Purana, the district takes its name from the demon king Jalandhara. The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during the recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period. Modern history of Jalandhar District also states that Khilafat Movement was started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure upon British rulers to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement. Jalandhar District was declared 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious meetings Act. After the independence of the country, however the district was affected by communal riots and exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border, consequent upon the partition of the country.

Capital of Punjab

Jalandhar was the capital of Punjab until Chandigarh was built.

Geography

The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 °C (118 °F) to average lows of around 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures vary from highs of 19 °C (66 °F) to lows of −5 °C (23 °F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm.

Climate data for Jalandhar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9)		 21.6
(70.9)		 26.0
(78.8)		 34.5
(94.1)		 39.4
(102.9)		 43.6
(110.5)		 34.1
(93.4)		 33.1
(91.6)		 32.6
(90.7)		 31.5
(88.7)		 27.2
(81)		 22.3
(72.1)		 30.44
(86.8)
Average low °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2)		 8.6
(47.5)		 13.2
(55.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 25.6
(78.1)		 24.7
(76.5)		 25.8
(78.4)		 21.8
(71.2)		 18.3
(64.9)		 12.1
(53.8)		 7.2
(45)		 17.19
(62.95)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.7
(0.421)		 16.7
(0.657)		 32.8
(1.291)		 15.2
(0.598)		 20.4
(0.803)		 69.7
(2.744)		 155.2
(6.11)		 183.6
(7.228)		 60.0
(2.362)		 1.5
(0.059)		 6
(0.24)		 15
(0.59)		 586.8
(23.103)
Source: [4]

Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male and 409,750 female. The literacy rate was 85.46 per cent.[5] Jalandhar is dominated by Scheduled Caste communities, which comprise almost 50 per cent of the population.

Economy

Upmarket localities include Civil lines, Mota Singh Nagar, Model Town, Jawahar Nagar, Gupta Colony, Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar, Kot Ram Dass & Butta Mandi.

Jalandhar provides goods like glass and furniture to neighbouring cities and is also a hub of sports goods manufacture.

Transport

Shaheed-E-Aazam Sardar Bhagat Singh, Interstate Bus Stand, Jalandhar

By air

The nearest airport is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport at Amritsar, about 75 km (47 mi) northwest of Jalandhar. it is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including Birmingham, Dubai and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.

By rail

Jalandhar City railway station is on the Delhi-Amritsar Railway line. It is connected with direct trains to Delhi, 375 km (233 mi), Garib rath, Calcutta, Mumbai, Puri, Nagpur, Jammu Tawi and Deluxe Express to Mumbai, Shatabadi Express to Delhi, Utkal Express to Puri and Howrah Mail to Calcutta.

By road

There is a large network of bus services of Punjab, Himachal, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, U.P., Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators.

Commerce

Shopping

Viva Collage Mall

Shopping malls in Jalandhar include:

Religious places

Baba Peer in Jalandhar

Leisure

Interior of Viva Collage Mall, Jalandhar
View Of WonderLand's Water Park In the Evening
Science City
View of Nikku Park

Media

Punjab Kesari header with the photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander.
Jag Bani

Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India).[7] It was established in 1979, and now produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.

The city serves as the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Dainik Bhaskar, Hind Samachar, etc.[8][9][10][11]

State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar which transmits various programs of mass interest. FM Local radio stations include:

Healthcare

According to the Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar, there are over 420 hospitals in Jalandhar. The city claims to have highest number of hospitals in Asia.

Sports

Dog Show held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Cricket

Cricket is very popular in grounds and streets of the city. There was once an International-standard cricket stadium at Burlton Park.

Kabaddi

Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of JCT Mills Football Club. People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. Punjab Government has started new projects at the Stadium.

Surjit Hockey Stadium

Surjeet Hockey Stadium, is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar born Olympian Surjit Singh.This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey.

Sports College

There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this College, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball, and basketball etc.

Education

Following are the lists for schools and colleges for studying in the Jalandhar city.

Schools

St. Joseph's Boys' school - one of the most renowned schools in Jalandhar.

Colleges

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

Higher education institutions include:

Jalandhar Cantonment

Main article: Jalandhar Cantonment

References

  1. ↑ http://www.pgsciencecity.org/contact.htm
  2. ↑ http://www.mcjalandhar.in/comissiner-message.html
  3. ↑ http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html/
  4. ↑ http://www.weather.com/weather/monthly/INXX0060?from=dayDetails_bottomnav_business| title = Average Weather for Jalandhar — Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = November 4, 2012 ipublisher = The Weather Channel
  5. ↑ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
  6. ↑ "Wonderland". Wonderlandthemepark. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  7. ↑ "DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BHAGWAN MAHAVIR MARG, JALANDHAR CITY".
  8. ↑ "हिन्दी समाचार | ताज़ा खबरें | विश्व समाचार - Punjab Kesari". Punjabkesari.in. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  9. ↑ "Jalandhar — Punjab — Page 1". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  10. ↑ "Jalandhar News, Jalandhar Hindi News, Jalandhar News Headlines, Daily News Paper, Local News". Bhaskar.com. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  11. ↑ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2012-12-22.

External links

Look up Jalandhar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jalandhar.