Iveco

Iveco S.p.A.
Public limited company
Industry Manufacturing
Founded 1975 in Turin
Headquarters Turin, Italy
Key people
 Franco Fusignani
Products Heavy commercial vehicles, medium commercial vehicles, light commercial vehicles, quarry/construction site vehicles, special vehicles, city and intercity buses, firefighting vehicles, defence vehicles
Revenue Increase €4.9 billion
Number of employees
 Approximately 25,000
Parent CNH Industrial
Subsidiaries
Website Iveco.com

Iveco, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian industrial vehicle manufacturing company based in Turin, Italy, and entirely controlled by CNH Industrial Group. It designs and builds light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, quarry/construction site vehicles, city and intercity buses and special vehicles for applications such as firefighting, off-road missions, the military and civil defence.

This name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian, French and German brands.[1]

Its production plants are in Europe, Brazil, Russia, Australia, Africa, Argentina and China, and it has approximately 5,000 sales and assistance points in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about €10 billion.[2]

History

Iveco was incorporated on 1 January 1975, with the merger of five different brands: Fiat Veicoli Industriali (with headquarters in Turin, Italy), OM (Brescia, Italy), Lancia Veicoli Speciali (Italy), Unic (France) and Magirus-Deutz (Germany).[3]

Following the merger, the newly founded Iveco began rationalizing its product range, manufacturing plants and sales network, while keeping the original brands. From 1975 to 1979, the Iveco range included 200 basic models and 600 versions spanning from 2.7 tons of GVW for a light vehicle to over 40 tons for heavy vehicles, as well as buses and engines.[4][5] In 1977 the light to medium-weight Iveco Zeta range was introduced, replacing the twenty-year-old OM Lupetto. Integrating the Fiat-OM range with the Unic and Magirus lineups was completed by 1980.[6] Iveco moved in to work on increasing productivity and engine development.[6]

In 1978 Iveco launched the first product in the range of light vehicles branded Iveco, the Daily.[7] The product was originally conceived as a small industrial vehicle, reliable and structurally sound.

In 1980 Iveco built the first turbo diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.[8] In this decade the corporate strategy was heavily oriented towards brand promotion and led to the sponsorship of sports events, such as the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, the Davis Cup in 1982, the Jacques Cousteau expeditions in the Amazon basin in 1983 and the Raid Pigafetta, during which the Iveco-Fiat 75 PC 4x4 was first to make a full circle of the globe.[9] Two new divisions were also formed: bus diesel engines and firefighting vehicles.[10]

In 1984 Iveco launched the TurboStar,[11] a heavy on-road vehicle that became a best-seller in Italy and an important player in the European market, selling a total of 50,000 in seven years.[12]

In 1985 Iveco made the first light diesel engine with direct injection.[13]

From 1986, Iveco S.p.A. held a 52% stake in Iveco Ford Truck Ltd, a joint venture (and effectively a merger) with Ford of Europe's truck division. Ford plants took over production and sales of the major vehicles in the Iveco range and continued production of the Ford Cargo.[14]

In the mid-1980s, Astra, which produces dumpers and construction site/quarry vehicles in Piacenza, became part of Iveco Group.[15]

In 1989 the first diesel engine with EGR to reduce polluting emissions compatible with commercial vehicles was produced and the new Daily launched that same year was fitted with it.[14]

In 1990, the group purchased 60% control of the Spanish industrial company ENASA, which owned the industrial vehicle builder Pegaso.[14]

In the 1990s, the EuroCargo, EuroTech, EuroTrakker and EuroStar vehicles represented a total facelift for the range.[14] The EuroCargo and the EuroTech were named “Truck of the Year” in 1992 and 1993 respectively and, for the first time, this recognition was awarded to the same manufacturer for two years in a row.[16]

In 1991, the English company Seddon Atkinson was purchased and brought its long heritage of special vehicles for the construction and refuse collection industries.[17]

That same year, the first TurboDaily assembly line was inaugurated at the Nanjing Motor Corporation in China.[18]

In 1992, Iveco took over the primary constructor of industrial vehicles in Australia to form Ital, originally called International Trucks Australia. In 2000 it was renamed Iveco Trucks Australia Limited.[17]

In 1995 Iveco signed an agreement with Yuejin Motor Corporation of Nanjing to form the Naveco joint venture for the production of light vehicles and diesel engines. In the meantime, the firefighting vehicles division signed an agreement with Sinopec Group for the assembly of special vehicles with foam extinguishers in China.

In 1996 firefighting activities in Germany were structured under the company Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH.[19] The following year, these activities were boosted by the arrival of an Austrian company, Löhr, which then became Löhr Magirus.[17] The Italian plant in Foggia broke the record of 2.5 million engines produced in 20 years. In 1999, the production of diesel powertrains reached its highest volume of 405,000 units.

In 1998 Cursor 8 was launched, followed the next year by Cursor 10, the first diesel engine with a variable geometry turbine and the first common rail diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.[19] The 125th anniversary of the presentation of the first Magirus ladder[20] was celebrated together with the delivery of the five-thousandth Magirus aerial ladder produced since the Second World War.[19]

In 2003 Iveco entirely bought out Irisbus, originally part of a joint venture with Renault.[21]

In 2004 Iveco Motors brand was born, which became an umbrella for the production of engines, and the following year it was incorporated into the newly founded Fiat Powertrain Technologies. At the end of 2004, the agreement was reached between Iveco and the Chinese company Saic (Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation).[22]

In 2006 Iveco sponsored the Winter Olympic Games in Turin with a fleet of 1,200 Iveco Irisbus buses.[23] The year after, Iveco became sponsor of the All Blacks, New Zealand's rugby team.[24]

In 2009 Iveco became the Trucks and Commercial Vehicle Supplier for the Moto GP,[25] together with the historical sponsorship to the Ferrari Racing Team, for which it supplies the vehicles that transport the single-seaters at all the Formula 1 World Championship races.[26]

On 1 January 2011, Fiat Industrial was formed, incorporating CNH, Iveco and FPT Industrial.[27] In September of the same year, the Fiat Industrial Village was inaugurated in Turin, a multipurpose centre belonging to Fiat Industrial and created for the sales, assistance and product presentation for the Iveco, New Holland and FPT Industrial brands.[28]

On 15 January 2012, Iveco won the 33rd edition of the Dakar rally with the Petronas De Rooy team and the Dutch driver Gerard De Rooy, behind the wheel of an Iveco Powerstar. De Rooy was followed by drivers Stacey and Biasion behind the wheel of two Iveco Trakker Evolution 2 vehicles, equipped with an FPT Industrial C13 engine with over 900 hp.[29]

Brands

Iveco trucks

Iveco is the brand under which the light, medium and heavy vehicles are sold. The range of light vehicles is made up of the New Daily in its versions from 2.8 T to 7.0 T and with 4x4 drive. The range of medium vehicles includes the Eurocargo, available from 7 T to 19T and with 4x2 or 4x4 drive.[30] Stralis and Trakker, from 19 T to 72 T, make up the heavy vehicle range in two, three, or four-axled versions with all-wheel drive or two-wheel drive.[31]

Iveco platforms

Light to Medium
Medium
Heavy

Iveco Bus

Main articles: Irisbus and Iveco Bus

Iveco Irisbus was a brand specialised in vehicles for the transport of passengers spanning from minibuses to buses for city and intercity transportation and tour buses. In 24 May 2013 the brand was relaunched as Iveco Bus.[33] [34]

Iveco Astra

Main article: Astra (company)

Iveco Astra is a brand dedicated to off-road vehicles for construction and mining industry. It produces heavy on-road and off-road vehicles as well as heavy tractors for road transport and logistics vehicles, including armoured vehicles for the military. The company was founded in 1946, but has been part of Iveco since 1986.[35]

Iveco Magirus

Main article: Magirus

Iveco Magirus is the brand dedicated to firefighting vehicles and their fittings. Iveco Magirus also produces aerial ladders, an industry in which it is the world leader. It was founded in 1866 as "Magirus Kommanditist" by Conrad Dietrich Magirus, fire chief in Ulm, Germany, who also invented the ladders for the firefighting vehicles.[36]

Defence Vehicles

Defence Vehicles is the brand specialised in the production and sales of military and defence vehicles. Its headquarters are located in Bolzano, where the Iveco LMV is produced, one of the brand's most famous vehicles used by many armies in Europe and abroad.[37]

Iveco Capital

Iveco Capital is Iveco's financial division which supports customers during the purchase of their vehicles.[38]

Joint ventures

Iveco can rely on a tight-knit network of joint ventures, especially in the Chinese market, which includes:

Facilities

Vehicles

Iveco Bus (former Irisbus) facilities see Iveco bus

Joint ventures

Engines

Financials

In 2011 Iveco's net revenues were €9.6 billion, a 15.1% increase over the previous year.[42] The trading profit was €490 million.[43] A total of 153,384 vehicles were delivered, an 18.3% increase over 2010.[42]

Innovation and sustainability projects

Social responsibility

Iveco has been working together with Transaid since 2005, an international non-profit organisation from England. In 2011 it donated several Stralis 4x2 to the National Institute of Transport of Dar El Salam in Tanzania, which were used in training heavy vehicle drivers with the objective of lowering the fatality rate on the roads of Sub-Saharan Africa.[44] Iveco also sponsors a technological laboratory dedicated to industrial vehicles called TechPro2, in association with CNOS-FAP (national centre of Salesian works – training for professional updating).[45]

Eco-dealer in Brazil

In 2011 Iveco inaugurated its first eco-sustainable dealership in Brazil. The headquarters of the new “Jundiaí Mercalf” dealership are in Jundiaí, approximately 80 km from São Paulo, in an area that lends itself to the collection of sunlight for energy production. A special roof covering with a layer of grass laid over several layers of recycled material and one layer of asphalt can lower the temperature inside the showroom by six degrees. The roof is also equipped with special tubes for channeling and collecting rainwater.[46]

Sustainable mobility

Euro VI Engines with SCR Technology

Iveco engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the upcoming Euro VI standards[47] by adopting High Efficiency SCR (HI-eSCR) technology.[48] This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after-treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions.[49]

Electric drive

Iveco developed and built the first Daily with electric propulsion in 1986;[50] later the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses.[51] Iveco introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions in which a battery system powers an electric three-phase asynchronous engine – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly and recovering energy during braking.[52] The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 (Sodium-nickel chlorine) technology at a nominal voltage of 278 Volt.[52] The maximum velocity is electronically limited to 70 km/h and the vehicle does from 90 to 130 km on a fully charged battery, depending on the number of batteries and the mission.[52]

Diesel-electric parallel hybrid traction

The parallel hybrid solution incorporates both a Diesel engine and an electric engine that can be used individually or simultaneously, which makes for greater operating flexibility and allows the vehicle to work under both urban and non-urban conditions.[53] In 2010 Iveco introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri-diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200 kg in comparison to diesel-engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle.[54] The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:

  1. the 7.5-ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160 hp (118 kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.[55]
  2. The 12-ton version uses the FPT Industrial Tector engine with 16 valves and 4 EEV cylinders with a maximum power of 180 hp (132 kW), paired with an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gear box and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.[55]

Diesel-electric series traction hybrid for people transport

Iveco has been active in this sector since 1990 with 6, 7, 4 and 12 metre buses for urban transportation. The series hybrid technology features a diesel engine – smaller than that of a traditional vehicle – that acts as a battery charger.[56]

CNG – Compressed Natural Gas

Iveco's range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane. Methane makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to Euro VI diesel engines, methane engines reduce NOx emissions by approximately 60% and particulates emissions by approximately 70%.[57]

LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas

In April 2012 Iveco presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG. As opposed to vehicles with CNG technology, LNG technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750 km) and reduces the vehicle's tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161 °C in cryogenic tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas.[58] Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 decibels over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.[59]

Iveco Trakker Bifuel – diesel-ethanol prototype

Iveco created the first prototype of a bifuel, diesel and ethanol-run vehicle. The technology was developed by Iveco together with FPT Industrial and Bosch.[60] The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor 9 engine with 360 HP[60] that may be powered by a 40–60% ethanol-diesel blend.[61] The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.[61] In 2011, this prototype earned Iveco the “Prêmio Top Etanol” – for the alternative fuel technology.[60]

Heating and air-conditioning systems

A prototype of a heat pump system for electric and hybrid vehicles was installed on the Iveco Daily vehicle. The system cools or heats the passenger compartment by transferring low temperature heat generated by the drive systems. At the same time, the control strategies minimise the energy demand in order to achieve a low impact on consumption.[62]

Awards

Year Country Product Award
2014 New Daily Van of the Year 2015[63]
2012 Stralis Hi-Way Truck of the Year 2013[64]
2012 Spain New Daily Light Commercial Vehicle of the Year[65]
2012 Germany New Daily European Transport Sustainability Prize[66]
2011 Brazil “Top Ethanol” technology prize[60]
2010 China Genlyon Truck of the Year 2010[67]
2010 Italy “Prize of Prizes” for Innovation[68]
2009 United Kingdom Daily (gas-powered) Green Van of the Year 2009 in the alternative fuel category at the Fleet Van Awards[69]
2009 Brazil Tector Truck of the Year 2010[70]
2008 United Kingdom Daily Best Light Truck 2008 in the Van Fleet World Honours[69]
2007 Spain Daily Light Commercial Vehicle of the Year Award[69]
2007 United Kingdom Daily Best Light Truck 2007[69]
2007 Italy Performance Key Award[71]
2000 Daily City Truck Range Van of the Year 2000[72]
1998 Australia Australian Truck of the Year 1998
1995 EuroClass HD International Coach of the Year[13]
1993 EuroTech Truck of the Year[73]
1992 EuroCargo Truck of the Year[73]

Iveco vehicles

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bonfiglioli Consulting: Il Lean Thinking dalla produzione alla progettazione. Pensare snello in ufficio tecnico per innovare la progettazione e diventare più competitivi. 5 casi italiani di successo, 2010: Milano – p. 103
  2. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf – p. 19
  3. ↑ "History of Iveco / 1975-1984". fiatindustrial.com. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  4. ↑ Condolo, Massimo (September 2005), IVECO 1975–2005 (in Italian), Fondazione Negri, ISBN 8889108045
  5. ↑ Sanguineti, Raffaele; Zampini Salazar, Carlo Felice (1994), "IVECO Story", The world of Transport (Norden Publishing House Ltd.): 144
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Norbye, Jan (September 1982). Kennett, Pat, ed. "Intertruck: Italy". TRUCK (London, UK: FF Publishing Ltd): 27.
  7. ↑ "Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report" (PDF). Fiat. p. 103.
  8. ↑ Condolo, pp. 28–29
  9. ↑ Raffaele Sanguineti, Carlo Felice Zampini Salazar: IVECO Story. The world of Transport, 1994 Norden Publishing House Ltd. – p. 188-193
  10. ↑ Raffaele Sanguineti, Carlo Felice Zampini Salazar: IVECO Story. The world of Transport, 1994 Norden Publishing House Ltd. – p. 204
  11. ↑ John Carroll, Peter James Davies: Tractor & Trucks, 2007 Hermes House – p. 7
  12. ↑ Raffaele Sanguineti, Carlo Felice Zampini Salazar: IVECO Story. The world of Transport, 1994 Norden Publishing House Ltd. – p. 202
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Fiat Industrial Official website http://fiatindustrial.com/it-IT/group/history/iveco/Pagine/iveco_1985_1994.aspx
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 John Carroll, Peter James Davies: The Complete Book of Tractor & Trucks, 2000 Lorenz Books – p. 408
  15. ↑ Condolo, p. 11
  16. ↑ Condolo, pp. 146-147
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Condolo, p. 10
  18. ↑ Raffaele Sanguineti, Carlo Felice Zampini Salazar: IVECO Story. The world of Transport, 1994 Norden Publishing House Ltd. – p. 230
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Fiat Industrial Official website http://fiatindustrial.com/it-IT/group/history/iveco/Pagine/iveco_1995_2004.aspx
  20. ↑ John Carroll, Peter James Davies: The Complete Book of Tractor & Trucks, 2000 Lorenz Books – p. 430
  21. ↑ Petr Pavlinek: A Successful Transformation?: Restructuring of the Czech Automobile Industry, 2008: Springer – p. 151
  22. ↑ http://www.fptindustrial.com/FPTPressReleases/IT-IT/2005-2008/SAIC_24luglio2006.pdf
  23. ↑ http://www.fiatspa.com/en-US/media_center/FiatDocuments/2006/GENNAIO/01_12_2006_FIAT_E_LE_OLIMPIADI_comunicato_stampa.ing.pdf
  24. ↑ http://www.repubblica.it/2007/01/motori/gennaio-07/iveco-allblacks/iveco-allblacks.html
  25. ↑ MotoGP Official site http://www.motogp.com/en/sponsors
  26. ↑ Ferrari Official site http://www.ferrari.com/italian/formula1/partner/fornitori_ufficiali/Pages/fornitori-ufficiali.aspx
  27. ↑ Fiat Industrial Official website http://fiatindustrial.com/it-IT/group/history/Pagine/la_storia.aspx
  28. ↑ Fiat Industrial website http://www.fiatindustrial.com/it-IT/media_center/press_release/FiatDocuments/20110919_FIV_IT.pdf
  29. ↑ Dakar Official Website http://www.dakar.com/dakar/2012/us/stage-14/rankings/overall-trucks.html
  30. ↑ http://www.iveco-dealership.co.uk/assets/downloads/download-eurocargo-brochure-1367313895.pdf
  31. ↑ Iveco Official website www.iveco.com
  32. ↑ Norbye, p. 29
  33. ↑ Press Release http://www.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/release/Pages/Iveco-Bus-the-new-Iveco-brand-dedicated-to-collective-transport.aspx
  34. ↑ Iveco Irisbus Official website http://www.irisbus.com/Pages/HomePage.aspx
  35. ↑ Iveco Astra Official website http://www.astraspa.com/
  36. ↑ http://www.iveco-magirus.de/
  37. ↑ Army-technology.com website http://www.army-technology.com/contractors/vehicles/iveco/
  38. ↑ Iveco Capital Official website http://www.iveco.com/ivecocapital/content/index_ivecocapital.html
  39. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf – p.99
  40. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf – p. 99
  41. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf – p. 111
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf – p. 66
  43. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf – p. 67
  44. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p. 173
  45. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf
  46. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p. 111
  47. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p. 76
  48. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p.28
  49. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p. 75
  50. ↑ Raffaele Sanguineti, Carlo Felice Zampini Salazar: IVECO Story. The world of Transport, 1994 Norden Publishing House Ltd. – p. 330
  51. ↑ International Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, 2004 OECD Publishing – p. 143
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p. 81
  53. ↑ Fiat Industrial Official website http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/innovation/iveco/Pages/technology_highlights.aspx
  54. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p. 82 Iveco Official website http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/kit/Pages/E3-Diesel%E2%80%93ElectricParallelHybridTraction.aspx
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Iveco Official website http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/kit/Pages/E3-Diesel%E2%80%93ElectricParallelHybridTraction.aspx
  56. ↑ Raffaele Sanguineti, Carlo Felice Zampini Salazar: IVECO Story. The world of Transport, 1994 Norden Publishing House Ltd. – p. 216-217
  57. ↑ Oecd: Can Cars come clean? Strategies for low emission vehicles?, 2004 OECD Publishing – p. 166
  58. ↑ Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf – p. 51
  59. ↑ Iveco Official website http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/release/Pages/RAITRakkerLNG.aspx
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf – p. 80
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2011/05/18/40-ethanol-60-diesel-buses-offer-6-fuel-savings-says-iveco/
  62. ↑ http://www.ice-project.webs.upv.es/images/public/Paper_IIE-UPV_EAEC_2011.pdf
  63. ↑ Van of the Year 2015 http://www.van-of-the-year.com/winners.html
  64. ↑ Truck of the Year Official website http://www.truck-of-the-year.com/
  65. ↑ Iveco Official website http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/release/Pages/Dailypremi.aspx
  66. ↑ http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/release/Pages/Dailypremi.aspx
  67. ↑ Truck of the Year Official Website http://www.truck-of-the-year.com/winners.html
  68. ↑ http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/release/Pages/Ivecowinsthe%E2%80%9CPrizeofPrizes%E2%80%9DforInnovation.aspx
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 Bonfiglioli Consulting: Il Lean Thinking dalla produzione alla progettazione. Pensare snello in ufficio tecnico per innovare la progettazione e diventare più competitivi. 5 casi italiani di successo, 2010: Milano – p. 104
  70. ↑ Iveco Official website http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/release/Pages/IvecoTectorisBrazilian%E2%80%9CTruckoftheYear%E2%80%9D.aspx
  71. ↑ Fiat Industrial Official website http://www.fiatindustrial.com/it-IT/group/awards/Documents/Fiatindustrial_Iveco_ITA.pdf
  72. ↑ Van of the year website http://van-of-the-year.com/winners.html
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Truck of the Year website http://www.truck-of-the-year.com/winners.html

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