Israeli Civil Administration

Civil Administration
המנהל האזרחי
Ha-Minhal ha-ʾEzraḥi
←
1981–1994
(direct governance role)

1994-present
(indirect governance role) 		→
Flag Coat of arms
Capital Beit El
Languages Hebrew (state language, language of Jewish population),
Arabic (language of Arab population)
Government Military-related governance
Head of the Civil Administration David Menachem
History
 -  Israeli Military Order Number 947 1981
 -  Oslo Accords 1994 (end of direct governance role)
Currency Israeli shekel (NIS)

The Civil Administration (Hebrew: המנהל האזרחי‎, ha-Minhal ha-ʾEzraḥi) is the Israeli governing body that operates in the West Bank. It was established by the government of Israel in 1981, in order to carry out practical bureaucratic functions within the territories occupied in 1967. The Civil Administration is a part of a larger entity known as Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), which is a unit in the Defense Ministry of Israel. Its functions have largely been taken over by the Palestinian National Authority in 1994, however it still continues a limited operation to manage Palestinian population in the Area C of the West Bank and coordination with the Palestinian government.

The creation of a civil administration for the West Bank and Gaza Strip was incorporated within the Camp David Accords, signed by Egypt and Israel in 1978.[1] The Civil Administration intended to exchange the military government, Israel had established in 1967. The Camp David Accords did not include the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) in the talks over issues of the Palestinian-claimed territories.[2] Through the implementation of the Oslo Accords agreed upon by Israel and the PLO, the Civil Administration transferred some of its governance capacities to the Palestinian National Authority in 1994.[3] Since 1994, the Civil Administration has largely focused on matters involving the issuing of movement permits.[4] Upon the implementation of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan from the Gaza Strip in 2005, the Civil Administration has exercised authority exclusively in the West Bank.

The nature of this body was defined in Military Order No. 947, by the 1981 military government of the West Bank and Gaza:[5]

"We hereby establish a Civil Administration in the region [West Bank and Gaza]. The Civil Administration shall run all regional civil matters, correspondingly to this [Military] decree, for the wellbeing and for the sake of [local] population, and with the purpose of providing and operating the public services, considering the need to maintain a proper governance and public order".

The Israel Defense Forces description of the mandate of the Civil Administration purports that "the unit acts as a source of information integrating human quality and technological progress which coordinates activities of government bureaus, the IDF, and security establishments opposite the Palestinians through the application of government policies in factors pertaining to civilians. Additionally, the "MATPASH" Unit promotes humanitarian issues, infrastructure projects, and economical projects."[6]

The Civil Administration is practically a "counterpart" of the Interior Ministry of Israel, and operates with its nine Israeli – District Coordination Offices (DCO), operating in the West Bank. The Civil Administration is responsible for all administrative aspects of the local population within Area C of the West Bank, and is responsible for coordinating with the Palestinian Authority, which has full administrative authority in Area A, and limited authority in Area B, as per the Oslo Accords. Among other things, it is responsible for the entrance permits from the West Bank to Israel, travel permits within the West Bank, and work permits (for Palestinians seeking to enter from the West Bank to Israel in order to work). It also decides on matters concerning the approval of new and already built housing units in settlements. [7] The Civil Administration that operates as part of the COGAT unit receives its budget from the Israeli government.

References

  1. ↑ Yvonne Schmidt. Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories. GRIN Verlag, 2008. P. 348.
  2. ↑ Yvonne Schmidt. Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories. GRIN Verlag, 2008. P. 348.
  3. ↑ Anne Le More. International Assistance to the Palestinians after Oslo: Political guilt, wasted money. Oxon, England, UK; New York, New York, USA. Routledge, 2008. P. 190.
  4. ↑ Anne Le More. International Assistance to the Palestinians after Oslo: Political guilt, wasted money. Oxon, England, UK; New York, New York, USA. Routledge, 2008. P. 190.
  5. ↑ Translation of the text: Israel Military Order No. 947 Concerning theEstablishment of a Civilian Administration. Israel Law Resource Center.
  6. ↑ "Coordinator of Government Operations in the Territories". Israel Defense Forces. 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
  7. ↑ "Statement by the spokesperson of the EU High Representative Catherine Ashton on Israeli settlement approvals of 22 February" (PDF). European Union High Representative. 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-25.

External links

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