Isotopes of scandium

Naturally occurring scandium (Sc) is composed of one stable isotope ⁴⁵Sc. Twenty-four radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being ⁴⁶Sc with a half-life of 83.8 days, ⁴⁷Sc with a half-life of 3.35 days, and ⁴⁸Sc with a half-life of 43.7 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than four hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than two minutes, the least stable being ³⁹Sc with a half-life shorter than 300 nanoseconds. The half-lives for isotopes with mass numbers less than 39 is unknown. This element also has 10 meta states with the most stable being ^44mSc (t_1/2 58.6 h).

The isotopes of scandium range in atomic weight from 36 u (³⁶Sc) to 60 u (⁶⁰Sc). The primary decay mode at masses lower than the only stable isotope, ⁴⁵Sc, is Beta-plus or electron capture, and the primary mode at masses above it is beta-minus. The primary decay products at atomic weights below ⁴⁵Sc are calcium isotopes and the primary products from higher atomic weights are titanium isotopes.

Standard atomic mass: 44.955912(6) u

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)^[1]	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 1]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	decay mode(s)^[1]	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 1]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
³⁷Sc	21	16	37.00305(32)#		p	³⁶Ca	7/2-#
³⁸Sc	21	17	37.99470(32)#	<300 ns	p	³⁷Ca	(2-)#
^38mSc					p	³⁷Ca
³⁹Sc	21	18	38.984790(26)	<300 ns	p	³⁸Ca	(7/2-)#
⁴⁰Sc	21	19	39.977967(3)	182.3(7) ms	β⁺ (99.54%)	⁴⁰Ca	4-
					β⁺, p (.44%)	³⁹K
					β⁺, α (.017%)	³⁶Ar
⁴¹Sc	21	20	40.96925113(24)	596.3(17) ms	β⁺	⁴¹Ca	7/2-
⁴²Sc	21	21	41.96551643(29)	681.3(7) ms	β⁺	⁴²Ca	0+
^42mSc	616.28(6) keV			61.7(4) s	β⁺	⁴²Ca	(7,5,6)+
⁴³Sc	21	22	42.9611507(20)	3.891(12) h	β⁺	⁴³Ca	7/2-
^43m1Sc	151.4(2) keV			438(7) µs			3/2+
^43m2Sc	3123.2(3) keV			470(4) ns			(19/2)-
⁴⁴Sc	21	23	43.9594028(19)	3.97(4) h	β⁺	⁴⁴Ca	2+
^44m1Sc	67.8680(14) keV			154.2(8) ns			1-
^44m2Sc	270.95(20) keV			58.61(10) h	IT (98.8%)	⁴⁴Sc	6+
^44m2Sc	270.95(20) keV			58.61(10) h	β⁺ (1.2%)	⁴⁴Ca	6+
^44m3Sc	146.224(22) keV			50.4(7) µs			0-
⁴⁵Sc	21	24	44.9559119(9)	Stable			7/2-	1.0000
^45mSc	12.40(5) keV			318(7) ms	IT	⁴⁵Sc	3/2+
⁴⁶Sc	21	25	45.9551719(9)	83.79(4) d	β⁻	⁴⁶Ti	4+
^46m1Sc	52.011(1) keV			9.4(8) µs			6+
^46m2Sc	142.528(7) keV			18.75(4) s	IT	⁴⁶Sc	1-
⁴⁷Sc	21	26	46.9524075(22)	3.3492(6) d	β⁻	⁴⁷Ti	7/2-
^47mSc	766.83(9) keV			272(8) ns			(3/2)+
⁴⁸Sc	21	27	47.952231(6)	43.67(9) h	β⁻	⁴⁸Ti	6+
⁴⁹Sc	21	28	48.950024(4)	57.2(2) min	β⁻	⁴⁹Ti	7/2-
⁵⁰Sc	21	29	49.952188(17)	102.5(5) s	β⁻	⁵⁰Ti	5+
^50mSc	256.895(10) keV			350(40) ms	IT (97.5%)	⁵⁰Sc	2+,3+
^50mSc	256.895(10) keV			350(40) ms	β⁻ (2.5%)	⁵⁰Ti	2+,3+
⁵¹Sc	21	30	50.953603(22)	12.4(1) s	β⁻	⁵¹Ti	(7/2)-
⁵²Sc	21	31	51.95668(21)	8.2(2) s	β⁻	⁵²Ti	3(+)
⁵³Sc	21	32	52.95961(32)#	>3 s	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵³Ti	(7/2-)#
⁵³Sc	21	32	52.95961(32)#	>3 s	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵²Ti	(7/2-)#
⁵⁴Sc	21	33	53.96326(40)	260(30) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁴Ti	3+#
⁵⁴Sc	21	33	53.96326(40)	260(30) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵³Ti	3+#
^54mSc	110(3) keV			7(5) µs			(5+)
⁵⁵Sc	21	34	54.96824(79)	0.115(15) s	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁵Ti	7/2-#
⁵⁵Sc	21	34	54.96824(79)	0.115(15) s	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁴Ti	7/2-#
⁵⁶Sc	21	35	55.97287(75)#	35(5) ms	β⁻	⁵⁶Ti	(1+)
⁵⁷Sc	21	36	56.97779(75)#	13(4) ms	β⁻	⁵⁷Ti	7/2-#
⁵⁸Sc	21	37	57.98371(86)#	12(5) ms	β⁻	⁵⁸Ti	(3+)#
⁵⁹Sc	21	38	58.98922(97)#	10# ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁸Ti	7/2-#
⁵⁹Sc	21	38	58.98922(97)#	10# ms	β⁻	⁵⁹Ti	7/2-#
⁶⁰Sc	21	39	59.99571(97)#	3# ms			3+#

↑ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italic for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO)
Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

References

↑ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties". Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties". Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of calcium	Isotopes of scandium	Isotopes of titanium
Table of nuclides

Isotopes of the chemical elements
1 H																	2 He
3 Li	4 Be											5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg											13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca	21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr	39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba		72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra		104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Uut	114 Fl	115 Uup	116 Lv	117 Uus	118 Uuo

		57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu
		89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr
Table of nuclides Categories: Isotopes Tables of nuclides Metastable isotopes Isotopes by element