Isotopes of erbium
Naturally occurring erbium (Er) is composed of 6 stable isotopes, 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, and 170Er with 166Er being the most abundant (33.503% natural abundance). 30 radioisotopes have been characterized with between 74 and 109 neutrons, or 142 to 177 nucleons, with the most stable being 169Er with a half-life of 9.4 days, 172Er with a half-life of 49.3 hours, 160Er with a half-life of 28.58 hours, 165Er with a half-life of 10.36 hours, and 171Er with a half-life of 7.516 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 3.5 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 4 minutes. This element also has 13 meta states, with the most stable being 167mEr (t1/2 2.269 seconds).
The isotopes of erbium range in atomic weight from 141.9723 u (142Er) to 176.9541 u (177Er). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 166Er, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 166Er are holmium isotopes, and the primary products after are thulium isotopes.
Standard atomic mass: 167.259(3) u
Table
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[1][n 1] |
daughter isotope(s)[n 2] |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||||
142Er | 68 | 74 | 141.97231(47)# | 0+ | |||||
143Er | 68 | 75 | 142.96634(64)# | 200# ms | 9/2-# | ||||
144Er | 68 | 76 | 143.96038(43)# | 400# ms [>200 ns] | β+ | 144Ho | 0+ | ||
145Er | 68 | 77 | 144.95739(43)# | 900(300) ms | β+ | 145Ho | 1/2+# | ||
β+, p (rare) | 144Dy | ||||||||
146Er | 68 | 78 | 145.95200(32)# | 1.7(6) s | β+ | 146Ho | 0+ | ||
β+, p | 145Dy | ||||||||
147Er | 68 | 79 | 146.94949(32)# | ~2.5 s | β+ | 147Ho | (1/2+) | ||
β+, p | 146Dy | ||||||||
147mEr | 100(50)# keV | 2.5(2) s | β+ | 147Ho | (11/2-) | ||||
148Er | 68 | 80 | 147.94455(21)# | 4.6(2) s | β+ (99.85%) | 148Ho | 0+ | ||
β+, p (.15%) | 147Dy | ||||||||
149Er | 68 | 81 | 148.94231(3) | 4(2) s | β+ (93%) | 149Ho | (1/2+) | ||
β+, p (7%) | 148Dy | ||||||||
149m1Er | 741.8(2) keV | 8.9(2) s | β+ (96.5%) | 149Ho | (11/2-) | ||||
IT (3.5%) | 149Er | ||||||||
β+, p (.18%) | 148Dy | ||||||||
149m2Er | 2611.1(3) keV | 0.61(8) µs | (19/2+) | ||||||
149m3Er | 3242.7+X keV | 4.8(1) µs | (27/2-) | ||||||
150Er | 68 | 82 | 149.937914(18) | 18.5(7) s | β+ | 150Ho | 0+ | ||
151Er | 68 | 83 | 150.937449(18) | 23.5(13) s | β+ | 151Ho | (7/2-) | ||
151m1Er | 2585.5(6) keV | 580(20) ms | IT (95.3%) | 151Er | (27/2-) | ||||
β+ (4.7%) | 151Ho | ||||||||
151m2Er | 10286+X keV | 0.42(5) µs | (67/2,69/2,71/2) | ||||||
152Er | 68 | 84 | 151.935050(11) | 10.3(1) s | α (90%) | 148Dy | 0+ | ||
β+ (10%) | 152Ho | ||||||||
153Er | 68 | 85 | 152.935063(9) | 37.1(2) s | α (53%) | 149Dy | 7/2(-) | ||
β+ (47%) | 153Ho | ||||||||
154Er | 68 | 86 | 153.932783(6) | 3.73(9) min | β+ (99.53%) | 154Ho | 0+ | ||
α (.47%) | 150Dy | ||||||||
155Er | 68 | 87 | 154.933209(7) | 5.3(3) min | β+ (99.98%) | 155Ho | 7/2- | ||
α (.022%) | 151Dy | ||||||||
156Er | 68 | 88 | 155.931065(26) | 19.5(10) min | β+ | 156Ho | 0+ | ||
157Er | 68 | 89 | 156.93192(3) | 18.65(10) min | β+ | 157Ho | 3/2- | ||
157mEr | 155.4(3) keV | 76(6) ms | IT | 157Er | (9/2+) | ||||
158Er | 68 | 90 | 157.929893(27) | 2.29(6) h | EC | 158Ho | 0+ | ||
159Er | 68 | 91 | 158.930684(5) | 36(1) min | β+ | 159Ho | 3/2- | ||
159m1Er | 182.602(24) keV | 337(14) ns | 9/2+ | ||||||
159m2Er | 429.05(3) keV | 590(60) ns | 11/2- | ||||||
160Er | 68 | 92 | 159.929083(26) | 28.58(9) h | EC | 160Ho | 0+ | ||
161Er | 68 | 93 | 160.929995(10) | 3.21(3) h | β+ | 161Ho | 3/2- | ||
161mEr | 396.44(4) keV | 7.5(7) µs | 11/2- | ||||||
162Er | 68 | 94 | 161.928778(4) | Observationally Stable[n 3] | 0+ | 0.00139(5) | |||
163Er | 68 | 95 | 162.930033(6) | 75.0(4) min | β+ | 163Ho | 5/2- | ||
163mEr | 445.5(6) keV | 580(100) ns | (11/2-) | ||||||
164Er | 68 | 96 | 163.929200(3) | Observationally Stable[n 4] | 0+ | 0.01601(3) | |||
165Er | 68 | 97 | 164.930726(3) | 10.36(4) h | EC | 165Ho | 5/2- | ||
166Er | 68 | 98 | 165.9302931(27) | Observationally Stable[n 5] | 0+ | 0.33503(36) | |||
167Er | 68 | 99 | 166.9320482(27) | Observationally Stable[n 6] | 7/2+ | 0.22869(9) | |||
167mEr | 207.801(5) keV | 2.269(6) s | IT | 167Er | 1/2- | ||||
168Er | 68 | 100 | 167.9323702(27) | Observationally Stable[n 7] | 0+ | 0.26978(18) | |||
169Er | 68 | 101 | 168.9345904(27) | 9.392(18) d | β− | 169Tm | 1/2- | ||
170Er | 68 | 102 | 169.9354643(30) | Observationally Stable[n 8] | 0+ | 0.14910(36) | |||
171Er | 68 | 103 | 170.9380298(30) | 7.516(2) h | β− | 171Tm | 5/2- | ||
171mEr | 198.6(1) keV | 210(10) ns | 1/2- | ||||||
172Er | 68 | 104 | 171.939356(5) | 49.3(3) h | β− | 172Tm | 0+ | ||
173Er | 68 | 105 | 172.94240(21)# | 1.434(17) min | β− | 173Tm | (7/2-) | ||
174Er | 68 | 106 | 173.94423(32)# | 3.2(2) min | β− | 174Tm | 0+ | ||
175Er | 68 | 107 | 174.94777(43)# | 1.2(3) min | β− | 175Tm | (9/2+) | ||
176Er | 68 | 108 | 175.95008(43)# | 20# s | β− | 176Tm | 0+ | ||
177Er | 68 | 109 | 176.95405(54)# | 3# s | β− | 177Tm | 1/2-# |
- ↑ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ↑ Bold for stable isotopes
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 158Dy or β+β+ to 162Dy with a half-life over 140×1012 years
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 160Dy or β+β+ to 164Dy
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 162Dy
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 163Dy
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 164Dy
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 166Dy or β−β− to 170Yb with a half-life over 320×1015 years
References
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties". Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties". Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
Isotopes of holmium | Isotopes of erbium | Isotopes of thulium |
Table of nuclides |
Isotopes of the chemical elements | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 H |
2 He | ||||||||||||||||
3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne | ||||||||||
11 Na |
12 Mg |
13 Al |
14 Si |
15 P |
16 S |
17 Cl |
18 Ar | ||||||||||
19 K |
20 Ca |
21 Sc |
22 Ti |
23 V |
24 Cr |
25 Mn |
26 Fe |
27 Co |
28 Ni |
29 Cu |
30 Zn |
31 Ga |
32 Ge |
33 As |
34 Se |
35 Br |
36 Kr |
37 Rb |
38 Sr |
39 Y |
40 Zr |
41 Nb |
42 Mo |
43 Tc |
44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
47 Ag |
48 Cd |
49 In |
50 Sn |
51 Sb |
52 Te |
53 I |
54 Xe |
55 Cs |
56 Ba |
72 Hf |
73 Ta |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 Hg |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 Bi |
84 Po |
85 At |
86 Rn | |
87 Fr |
88 Ra |
104 Rf |
105 Db |
106 Sg |
107 Bh |
108 Hs |
109 Mt |
110 Ds |
111 Rg |
112 Cn |
113 Uut |
114 Fl |
115 Uup |
116 Lv |
117 Uus |
118 Uuo | |
57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
71 Lu | |||
89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
93 Np |
94 Pu |
95 Am |
96 Cm |
97 Bk |
98 Cf |
99 Es |
100 Fm |
101 Md |
102 No |
103 Lr | |||
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