Ischnura

Ischnura
Ischnura heterosticta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Family: Coenagrionidae
Genus: Ischnura
Charpentier, 1840

Ischnura is a genus of damselflies known as forktails in the family Coenagrionidae. Forktails are distributed worldwide, including various oceanic islands. The males have a forked projection at the tip of the abdomen which gives the group their common name.[1]

Characteristics

Forktails are small or very small damselflies. The compound eyes of mature individuals have a dark upper region and contrasting lower part. The thorax is often green and may have lateral stripes and the abdomen in males is black with a blue tip. Females of some species are polymorphic, some being orangish and darkening with age, while others resemble the male.[1]

Species

The genus includes the following species:[2][3]

  • Ischnura abyssinica Martin, 1908
  • Ischnura acuticauda Lieftinck, 1959
  • Ischnura albistigma Fraser, 1927
  • Ischnura aralensis Haritonov, 1979
  • Ischnura ariel Lieftinck, 1949
  • Ischnura asiatica (Brauer, 1865) – Redtail[4]
  • Ischnura aurora Brauer, 1865 – Aurora Bluetail[4]
  • Ischnura barberi Currie, 1903 – Desert Forktail[5]
  • Ischnura buxtoni Fraser, 1927
  • Ischnura capreolus (Hagen, 1861)
  • Ischnura cardinalis Kimmins, 1929
  • Ischnura cervula Selys, 1876 – Pacific Forktail[5]
  • Ischnura chromostigma Fraser, 1927
  • Ischnura cruzi De Marmels, 1987
  • Ischnura cyane Realpe, 2010
  • Ischnura damula Calvert, 1902 – Plains Forktail[6]
  • Ischnura demorsa (Hagen, 1861) – Mexican Forktail[6]
  • Ischnura denticollis (Burmeister, 1839) – Black-fronted Forktail[5][7]
  • Ischnura dorothea Fraser, 1924
  • Ischnura elegans (vanderLinden, 1823) – Blue-tailed Damselfly[8]
  • Ischnura erratica Calvert, 1895 – Swift Forktail[5]
  • Ischnura evansi Morton, 1919 – Blue-banded Damsel
  • Ischnura filosa Schmidt, 1951
  • Ischnura fluviatilis Selys, 1876
  • Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1907
  • Ischnura fountaineae Morton, 1905 – Oasis Bluetail[9]
  • Ischnura gemina (Kennedy, 1917) – San Francisco Forktail[5]
  • Ischnura genei (Rambur, 1842) – Island Bluetail[9]
  • Ischnura graellsii (Rambur, 1842) – Iberian Bluetail[9]
  • Ischnura haemastigma Fraser, 1927
  • Ischnura hastata (Say, 1839) – Citrine Forktail[5]
  • Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister, 1839) – Common Bluetail[4]
  • Ischnura inarmata Calvert, 1898
  • Ischnura indivisa (Ris, 1918)
  • Ischnura intermedia Dumont 1974
  • Ischnura isoetes Lieftinck, 1949
  • Ischnura karafutonis Matsumura, 1931
  • Ischnura kellicotti Williamson, 1898 – Lilypad Forktail[10]
  • Ischnura luta Polhemus, Asquith & Miller, 2000
  • Ischnura ordosi Bartenev, 1912
  • Ischnura pamelae Vick & Davies, 1988
  • Ischnura perparva Selys, 1876 – Western Forktail[5][10]
  • Ischnura posita (Hagen, 1861) – Fragile Forktail[10][7][10]
  • Ischnura prognata (Hagen, 1861) – Furtive Forktail[10]
  • Ischnura pruinescens (Tillyard, 1906) – Colourful Bluetail[4]
  • Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) – Small Bluetail or Scarce Blue-tailed Damselfly[8]
  • Ischnura ramburii (Selys, 1850) – Rambur's Forktail[5]
  • Ischnura rhodosoma Lieftinck, 1959
  • Ischnura rubella Navás, 1934
  • Ischnura rufostigma Selys, 1876
  • Ischnura rufovittata (Blanchard, 1843)
  • Ischnura saharensis Aguesse, 1958 – Sahara Bluetail[11]
  • Ischnura sanguinostigma Fraser, 1953
  • Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) – Marsh Bluetail[12]
  • Ischnura spinicauda Brauer, 1865
  • Ischnura stueberi Lieftinck, 1932
  • Ischnura taitensis Selys, 1876
  • Ischnura thelmae Lieftinck, 1966
  • Ischnura ultima Ris, 1908
  • Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839) – Eastern Forktail[7][10]
  • Ischnura vinsoni Fraser, 1949

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Paulson, Dennis (2009). Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. p. 107. ISBN 1-4008-3294-2.
  2. ↑ Martin Schorr, Martin Lindeboom, Dennis Paulson. "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. Retrieved 3 Oct 2013.
  3. ↑ "Odonata species list". Swedish Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Günther Theischinger, John Hawking (2006). The complete field guide to dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-09073-8.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 "California Damselflies". Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Southwest.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Species List: Damselflies". azdragonfly.net.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Abbott, John (2008). Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) of Texas, Vol 3. Odonata Survey of Texas. ISBN 978-0-615-19494-3.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Checklist of UK Species". British Dragonfly Society. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Checklist, English common names". DragonflyPix.com. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  11. ↑ Samraoui, B. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Ischnura saharensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  12. ↑ "Ischnura senegalensis". IUCN Red List. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ischnura.