Iris subg. Nepalensis

Iris subg. Nepalensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Subfamily: Iridoideae
Tribe: Irideae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Nepalensis
Series

See text.

Subgenus Nepalensis is one subgenus of Iris, Also known as 'Himalayan Irises'. Formerly genus Junopsis.

The irises have fleshy-like roots very similar to a day lily (Hemerocallis). They are best grown in a semi-shady spot in a bulb frame. Most bulbs in the subgenus are found in the Himalayas and Yunnan region.[1]

Only 4 species are known.

Iris decora

This is the most known of the species.[2]

It has many synonymns; Evansia nepalensis (Klatt), Iris nepalensis (D.Don), Iris nepalensis var. khasiana (Baker), Iris sulcata (Wall.), Iris yunnanensis (H.Lév.), Junopsis decora (Wall.) Wern.Schulze, Neubeckia decora (Wall.) Klatt and Neubeckia sulcata (Klatt)[3]

It was first published in 'British Flower Garden' Series 2, in 1829.[4] It was first described by Nathaniel Wallich in his book Plantae Asiaticae Rariores in 1830.[5] It was later published in then Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1969.[4]

It is hardy to USDA Zone 3.[4] It also requires frequent watering while in growth.[1]

Sometimes it is confused with Iris leptophylla (in Iris subg. Scorpiris).[6]

It has a rhizome covered in bristly fibres.[4] It is similar in form to the roots of Hemerocallis.[2] It reaches a height of between 10-30 cm tall.[4]

It has between 3-7 flowers per stem,[7] in the summer,June in the UK.[2] which are approx. 4-5cm in diameter.[4] They come in a range of colours between pale bluish lavender to deep reddish purple.[7][4][2] The perianth tube measures between 3.5-5cm. The falls are up to 3.5cm long. The blade has an orange-yellow central ridge that becomes white or purple at the apex. It has a whitish claw with purple veins.[4]

The leaves reach up to 30cm at flowering time and then grow up to 45-60cm tall later,[7] growing to longer than the flowering stem.[4] The strongly ribbed leaves[4] can be between 2–8 mm wide.[8][4]

Iris decora was found in 1832 on grassy hillsides on plateaus, open stony pastures, cliffs at 2800–3100m above sea level.[8] It can be found in the Himalayas from Kashmir to China.[4] In Sichuan, Xizang (Tibet), Yunnan, Bhutan, N India and Nepal of the Western Central Himalayas.[8]

A white-flowered form from Yunnan region, has been described as Iris decora var. leucantha by D. Dong & Y. T. Zhao (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 18: 150.) in 1998.[8]

Iris colletti

Small Chinese and Nepalese Iris

It was found in 1909, in North Burma, Thailand, Tibet and the province of Yunnan and Sichuan (in China).[1][9]

It was named after Sir Henry Collett (1836-1901), who collected plants in most of those regions.[10]

It has been found growing in various habitats, including wood edges, clearings, shrubby areas,[11] and sunny grasslands.[9]

It can grow at altitudes of up to 3400m above sea level.[10]

It has between 3-7 lilac-blue flowers on a 5-15cm tall stem.[1] The flower has a very long neck, similar to a crocus. It generally flowers in May - June. The flower has a orange caterpillar-like beard on the midrib. It also has ribbed, grey-green leaves which extend after blooming up to 10-20 cm (4-8").[10]

Two hybrids have been found. Iris collettii var. collettii and Iris collettii var. acaulis
Iris collettii var. acaulis (Noltie) was described in New Plantsman (magazine) in 1995. It was found at 2200–3700m above sea level, in the provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan in China.[8]

Iris staintonii

Originally found in 1974 in Nepal.[12] It nromaly has a single mauve flower (about 3cm) with beared fall and is marked with white.[13][6] It is deemed a rare plant in Nepal.[14] It was first published by Kanesuke Hara in Journal of Japanese Botany in 1974.[15]

It was given to Kew Gardens by an Oxford University team in 1992.[6] Other mentions.[13]

Iris barbatula

A small iris from Yunnan province of China

A recent discovery, it was described by Henry John Noltie & K.Y.Guan in 1995 in the New Plantsman 2: 137,[16] and was collected from N.W. Yunnan.[6] It has been found in open grassy areas and forest clearings.[11] Also found on grassy plateaus at 2400–3600m above sea level.[8] It has 3 long-tubed purple/dark-violet flowers, which are about 5 cm across, and has a short subterranean stem. Unusually, it also has a fimbriate (fringed), almost beard-like crest.[6] It flowers between May and July. It has leaves that grow between 9–19 cm tall and between 2–5 mm wide.[8] It tends to form small clumps of bulbs after several years.[11]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cassidy, G.E.; Linnegar, S. (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 144-145. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Austin, Claire. "Irises A Garden Encyclopedia" (pdf). worldtracker.org. p. 278. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  3. ↑ "Iris decora Wall". theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) &pg=PA258 The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants:A Manual for the Identification , p. 258, at Google Books
  5. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris decora Wall.". ipni.org. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Canadian Iris Society cis newsletter Winter 2013, Volume 57, Issue 1" (pdf). www.e-clipse.ca. 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 18. ISBN 0715305395.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Noltie, Henry J.; Mathew, Brian (2000). "Flora of China 24: 297–313." (pdf). www.eflora.cn. p. 10. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner of the Silk Road: The Complete Illustrated Guide&pg=PA319 08KbBQAAQBAJ, p. 319, at Google Books
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Pacific Rim Native Plant Nursery". www.hillkeep.ca. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Beardless Irises". www.pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  12. ↑ "Nepal Checklist". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Edit History: Filed as Iris staintonii H. Hara. (family IRIDACEAE)". plants.jstor.org. 26 September 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  14. ↑ Tej Kumar Shrestha Wildlife of Nepal: A Study of Renewable Resources of Nepal Himalayas , p. 579, at Google Books
  15. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris staintonii Hara". ipni.org. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  16. ↑ "Iris barbatula Noltie & K.Y.Guan, New Plantsman 2: 137 (1995)". apps.kew.org. 1995. Retrieved 22 July 2014.