Illkirch-Graffenstaden

Illkirch-Graffenstaden
Ìllkìrich-Gràffestàde

Town hall of Illkirch-Graffenstaden

Coat of arms

Illkirch-Graffenstaden

Location within Alsace region

Illkirch-Graffenstaden

Coordinates: 48°32′N 7°43′E / 48.53°N 7.72°ECoordinates: 48°32′N 7°43′E / 48.53°N 7.72°E

Country

Illkirch-Graffenstaden

Intercommunality

Strasbourg

Government

• Mayor (2001–2008–2014)

Jacques Bigot

Area¹

22.21 km² (8.58 sq mi)

Population (2006)²

26,368

• Density

1,200/km² (3,100/sq mi)

INSEE/Postal code

67218 / 67400

Elevation

139–146 m (456–479 ft)
(avg. 140 m or 460 ft)

¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

² Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Church of St Symphorian

Illkirch-Graffenstaden (French pronunciation: [ilkiʁʃ ɡʁafɛnʃtadɛn]) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. It is the second-largest suburb of the city of Strasbourg, and is adjacent to it on the south-southwest. Illkirch-Graffenstaden is one of the fastest growing cities in France and probably in Europe, its population having more than doubled in less than forty years (from 11,648 in 1968 to 26,368 in 2006).^[1]

In the past Illkirch and Graf(f)enstaden were two separate villages. Illkirch-Graffenstaden therefore differs from more conventional towns, being akin to two long villages, one to the north of the other, giving rise to an exceptionally long main street lined with traditional small half-timbered houses: where these have been supplemented by modern designs, the modern buildings tend to respect the traditional size and look of the older ones.

Name

During periods when Alsace-Lorraine was part of Germany (1871–1918, 1940–1945) the commune was known as Illkirch-Grafenstaden (with a single 'f' in place of the francophone 'ff'): this spelling is still used in German. Among French speakers from outside Alsace the commune is sometimes known colloquially as 'Illkirch' which avoids the needs to grapple with the four syllable German/Alsatian concatenation which some may find challenging.

Demographics

By population level, Illkirch-Graffenstaden is the third largest commune in the urban community of Strasbourg, the fourth largest in the département and the sixth largest taking together the two departments comprising Alsace.

Historical population of Illkirch-Graffenstaden
Year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006
Population	9 607	11 648	16 330	19 857	22 307	23 814	26 368

Geography

The larger adjacent communes, like Illkirch-Graffenstaden, are effectively outer suburbs of the Strasbourg conurbation. These include Strasbourg-Meinau, Ostwald and Geispolsheim. Illkirch-Graffenstaden is crossed by the River Ill which here runs from south to north, parallel with and roughly ten kilometres to the west of the River Rhine: the two finally converge a short distance to the north of Strasbourg. The town also lies by the Rhône-Rhine Canal which here runs between the two rivers.

Extensive quarrying has been undertaken in the area for many years, giving rise to a number of small lakes in the region, a couple of which have been adapted for recreational swimming

The International Space University is located on the part of the campus of Strasbourg University lying in the territory of Illkirch-Graffenstaden.

Illkirch Capitulation Document (Kapitulationsurkunde)
Page 1

History

Illkirch is believed to be a Frankish foundation. The town, like Alsace/Elsaß, takes the first syllable of its name from the river that crosses it: the second syllable is simply the local word for a church. The spelling of the name has changed as the language has developed: Ellofanum (720), Illechilechen (826), Illenkirche (845), Illekiriche (920), Illachirecha (1163) and Illenkirchen (1172) which mutated into the contemporary name, Illkirch.

When Rudolf von Habsburg was elected King of the Romans in 1273, he urgently needed military help from his leading supporters against his rival, King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who was reluctant to accept Rudolf as emperor. As a reward for their services, Rudolf in 1284 elevated several leading Strasbourgers to the knighthood. To his favoured supporter, Bernhard von Müllenheim, he also granted the ford at Grafenstaden, with the right to levy tolls on travellers: the value of the concession was enhanced by the absence of any bridge. Hitherto the citizens of Strasbourg had been able to use the Grafenstaden ford without payment, and in 1391 ownership of the ford reverted to the city: from that year, there was a requirement weekly to transfer money collected from tolls to Strasbourg.

Historians know of Illkirch from the Illkirch Capitulation Document. In 1681, facing the prospect of imminent French invasion, Hans Georg von Zedlitz, mayor of Strasbourg, tried to obtain imperial support to turn back the advancing soldiers from Strasbourg, which enjoyed privileged status as a free imperial city. Imperial support did not materialize, however, and in order to avoid greater suffering von Zedlitz was finally obliged to sign the Surrender Document of Illkirch on 30 September 1681.

Graffenstaden was a village bordering Illkirch: the two communes were merged for economic reasons between 1790 and 1794.

Economy

After the First World War the largest employer was the Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (SACM), a heavy engineering business that specialised in the manufacture of railway locomotives and machine tools. The factory had originally been built before the annexation of Alsace by Germany, but had been operated separately as a German business between 1871 and 1918. Although heavy engineering still plays a part in the local economy, the second half of the twentieth century saw a massive decline in the sector and much of the old industrial site is today covered by a large shopping centre, offices and even residential developments. Today it is the tertiary sector that provides most of the employment in the area.