Illinois v. Rodriguez
Illinois v. Rodriguez | |||||||
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Argued March 20, 1990 Decided June 21, 1990 | |||||||
Full case name | Illinois v. Rodriguez | ||||||
Citations |
110 S. Ct. 2793; 111 L. Ed. 2d 148; 1990 U.S. LEXIS 3295; 58 U.S.L.W. 4892 | ||||||
Prior history | Cert. to Appellate Court of Illinois, 1st Dist. reversed and remanded | ||||||
Holding | |||||||
Under the Fourth Amendment, a warrantless entry is valid when based upon the consent of a third party whom the police, at the time of the entry, reasonably believe to possess common authority over the premises, but who in fact does not. | |||||||
Court membership | |||||||
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Case opinions | |||||||
Majority | Scalia, joined by Rehnquist, White, Blackmun, O'Connor, Kennedy | ||||||
Dissent | Marshall, joined by Brennan, Stevens | ||||||
Laws applied | |||||||
U.S. Const. amend. IV. |
Illinois v. Rodriguez, 497 U.S. 177 (1990), is a Supreme Court case dealing with the issue of whether a warrantless search conducted pursuant to third party consent violates the Fourth Amendment when the third party does not actually possess common authority over the premises. In a 6-3 decision authored by Justice Antonin Scalia, the Court held that such searches are valid if, at the time of the search, the authorities "reasonably believe" the third party possesses common authority over the premises.
In reaching its decision, the Court noted that "reasonableness," not consent, is the touchstone of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence; the Constitution only prohibits "unreasonable" searches and seizures. Therefore, the constitutional validity of a police determination of consent to enter is not judged by whether the police were correct in their assessment, but by whether, based on the facts available at the moment, it was reasonable to conclude that the consenting party had authority over the premises.
See also
- United States v. Matlock
- Georgia v. Randolph
- List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 497
- List of United States Supreme Court cases
- Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
- List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court
Further reading
- Campbell, Tammy (1992). "Illinois v. Rodriguez: Should Apparent Authority Validate Third-Party Consent Searches". University of Colorado Law Review 63: 481. ISSN 0041-9516.
- Capozza, Frank C. (1991). "Whither the Fourth Amendment: An Analysis of Illinois v. Rodriguez". Indiana Law Review 25: 515. ISSN 0090-4198.
- Kagehiro, Dorothy K.; Laufer, William S. (1991). "Illinois v. Rodriguez and the Social Psychology of Third-Party Consent". Criminal Law Bulletin 27 (1): 42–50. ISSN 0011-1317.
- Kagehiro, Dorothy K.; Laufer, William S.; Taylor, Ralph B. (1992). "Social Perceptions of Third-Party Consent and the Reasonableness Test of Illinois v. Rodriguez". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 29 (2): 217–228. doi:10.1177/0022427892029002007.
- Wieber, M. C. (1993). "Theory and Practice of Illinois v. Rodriguez: Why an Officer's Reasonable Belief about a Third Party's Authority to Consent does not protect a Criminal Suspect's Rights". Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology (Northwestern University) 84 (3): 604. doi:10.2307/1143965. JSTOR 1143965.
External links
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