IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line

The IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (also known as the Seventh Avenue Line or the West Side Line) is a New York City Subway line. It is one of several lines that serves the A Division (IRT), stretching from South Ferry in Lower Manhattan north to Van Cortlandt Park – 242nd Street in Riverdale, Bronx.^[2][3] The Brooklyn Branch,^[4] from the main line at Chambers Street southeast through the Clark Street Tunnel to Borough Hall in Downtown Brooklyn, is also part of the Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line.^[5]

Description

The south end of the Brooklyn Branch is unclear. In a 1981 list of "most deteriorated subway stations", the MTA listed Borough Hall and Clark Street stations as part of the IRT New Lots Line.^[6] However, as of 2007, emergency exit signs label Borough Hall as an IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line station, and the two parts of Borough Hall are signed as being along the Broadway – Seventh Avenue and IRT Eastern Parkway Lines. The chaining designations "K" (Clark Street Tunnel) and "M" (Joralemon Street Tunnel) join and become "E" (Eastern Parkway Line) at Borough Hall.

The line is also known as the IRT West Side Line, since it runs along the west side of Manhattan; the part north of 42nd Street was built as part of the first subway in New York. The line serves places such as Lincoln Center, Columbia University, and the City College of New York.

Train services that use the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line are colored tomato red on subway signage and literature. The line is served by the 1 2 3 trains, which operate together over much of the line. In the past, the 1 train operated as a skip-stop service in tandem with the 9, which was discontinued after May 27, 2005; from 1994 onward, this skip-stop separation existed only in Upper Manhattan during rush hours.

An unused third track along much of the line north of 96th Street has been used in the past for peak direction express service, at least between 96th Street and 137th Street.^[7] Currently, this center track is used only during construction reroutes.

It is the only line to have elevated stations in Manhattan.

IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line
Legend
Van Cortlandt Park – 242nd Street 240th Street Yard 238th Street 231st Street Marble Hill – 225th Street Hudson Line (Metro-North) Broadway Bridge over Harlem River 215th Street 207th Street Yard 207th Street Dyckman Street 191st Street 181st Street 168th Street IND Eighth Avenue Line 157th Street 145th Street 137th Street Yard 137th Street – City College 125th Street 116th Street – Columbia University Cathedral Parkway – 110th Street 103rd Street IRT Lenox Avenue Line 96th Street 91st Street(closed) 86th Street 79th Street 72nd Street 66th Street – Lincoln Center IND Eighth Avenue Line 59th Street – Columbus Circle IND Sixth Avenue Line IND Queens Boulevard Line 50th Street BMT Broadway Line 42nd Street Shuttle IRT Flushing Line Times Square – 42nd Street 34th Street – Penn Station Pennsylvania Station on Northeast Corridor Line 28th Street 23rd Street 18th Street 14th Street BMT Canarsie Line IND Sixth Avenue Line IND Eighth Avenue Line Christopher Street – Sheridan Square Houston Street Canal Street Franklin Street Chambers Street Chambers Street(IND Eighth Avenue Line) Park Place World Trade Center(IND Eighth Avenue Line) BMT Broadway Line IRT Lexington Avenue Line BMT Nassau Street Line Cortlandt Street(closed) IND Eighth Avenue Line Fulton Street Wall Street Rector Street South Ferry (closed)Staten Island Ferry South Ferry loops South Ferry(IRT Lexington Avenue Line) Joralemon Street Tunnel | Clark Street Tunnel under East River Clark Street Borough Hall IRT Eastern Parkway Line

Emergency exit, Furman Street, Brooklyn

1915 Seventh Avenue subway collapse with car fallen in tunnel

Clark Street Tunnel

The Clark Street Tunnel carries the 2 3 trains under the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. It was opened for revenue service on Tuesday, April 15, 1919, relieving crowding on the Joralemon Street Tunnel and providing passengers with a direct route to travel between Brooklyn and the west side of Manhattan.^[8] It is about 5,900 feet long, with about 3,100 feet underwater.

Construction of the tunnel began on October 12, 1914, using a tunneling shield in conjunction with compressed air. The tunnel was designed by civil engineer Clifford Milburn Holland, who would later serve as the first chief engineer of the Holland Tunnel.^[9][10] The north tube was holed through on November 28, 1916.^[11]

On December 28, 1990, an electrical fire in the Clark Street Tunnel trapped passengers on a subway train for over half an hour, killed two people, and injured 149 passengers.^[12]

History

When the first subway opened between 1904 and 1908, one of the main service patterns was the West Side Branch, running from Lower Manhattan to Van Cortlandt Park via what is now the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, 42nd Street Shuttle, and IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. Both local and express trains were operated, with express trains using the express tracks south of 96th Street. Express trains ran through to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn during rush hours, while other express trains and all local trains turned around at City Hall or South Ferry.^[13][14][15]

The first portion of the Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line south of Times Square – 42nd Street, a shuttle to 34th Street – Penn Station, opened on June 3, 1917.^[16] This shuttle was extended south to South Ferry, with a shorter shuttle on the Brooklyn Branch between Chambers Street and Wall Street, on July 1, 1918.^[17] Finally, the new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line and sending all West Side trains south from Times Square.^[18]

On September 22, 1915 there was an explosion during construction of the 7th Avenue subway station between 23rd and 25th Street that caused the tunnel to collapse.^[19]

The local tracks ran to South Ferry, while the express tracks used the Brooklyn Branch to Wall Street, extended into Brooklyn to Atlantic Avenue via the Clark Street Tunnel on April 15, 1919.^[20] Extensions of the Eastern Parkway Line and the connecting Nostrand Avenue Line and New Lots Line opened in the next few years, with the end result being that West Side trains ran to Flatbush Avenue or New Lots Avenue.

On February 6, 1959, the 1 train became the West Side local. Previously, 1 trains ran express along the West Side and into Brooklyn, and the 3 was the local service to South Ferry. Since then, 1 train service has remained consistent.

On August 21, 1989, the 1/9 weekday skip-stop service was formed.^[21] Skip-stop service operated north of 137th Street – City College.

In 1994, midday skip-stop service was discontinued.^[22] By this time, 1 trains only skipped Marble Hill – 225th, 207th and 145th Streets and 9 trains only skipped 238th, 215th, Dyckman and 157th Streets.

After September 11, 2001, 1 trains had to be rerouted since the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line ran directly under the World Trade Center site and was heavily damaged in the collapse of the Twin Towers. It ran only between 242nd Street and 14th Street, running local north of and express south of 96th Street; the 9 train and skip-stop service were suspended at this time. On September 19, after a few switching delays at 96th Street, service was changed. 1 trains made all local stops from 242nd Street to New Lots Avenue via the Clark Street Tunnel and IRT Eastern Parkway Line, to replace 3 trains, which terminated at 14th Street, at all times except late nights, when it terminated at Chambers Street in Manhattan instead. On September 15, 2002, 1 trains returned to South Ferry and the 9 train and skip-stop service was restored.^[23]

On May 27, 2005, the 9 train and skip-stop service was discontinued.^[22]

On March 16, 2009, the 1 local via the South Ferry loop was discontinued and a new South Ferry terminal station opened.^[24] This was the first new station to open since 1989 when the IND 63rd Street Line stations opened. Both loops at South Ferry remain in service to short-turn trains (such as the 5 train when it doesn't run to Brooklyn), but the platforms are now closed to passengers. The loop station reopened in April 2013 after the station that was built in 2009 was damaged by Hurricane Sandy.

Extent and service

The following services use part or all of the Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line, whose services' bullets are colored tomato red:

	Time period		Section of line
	All except late nights	Late nights
	local		full line to South Ferry
	express	local	south of 96th Street to Borough Hall
	express		south of 96th Street to Borough Hall (all except late nights) between 96th Street and Times Square (late nights)

Station listing

Station service legend
	Stops all times
	Stops all times except late nights
	Stops late nights only
	Stops weekdays only
	Stops rush hours only
	Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details

Neighborhood (approximate)		Station	Tracks	Services	Opened	Transfers and notes
Riverdale		Van Cortlandt Park – 242nd Street		1	August 1, 1908[25]
Center Express track begins (no regular service)
Connecting Tracks to 240th Street Yard
Kingsbridge and Riverdale		238th Street	local	1	August 1, 1908
		231st Street	local	1	January 27, 1907
Marble Hill		Marble Hill – 225th Street	local	1	January 14, 1907[26]	Connection to Metro-North Railroad (Hudson Line at Marble Hill)
Broadway Bridge
Inwood		215th Street	local	1	March 12, 1906[27]
	Connecting Track to 207th Street Yard
		207th Street	local	1	March 16, 1906	Bx12 Select Bus Service
	Center Express track ends
		Dyckman Street		1	March 12, 1906[27]	Station is ADA-accessible in the southbound direction only.
[[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights	]]	191st Street		1	January 14, 1911[28]
		181st Street		1	March 16, 1906
		168th Street		1	April 14, 1906[29]	IND Eighth Avenue Line (A  C )
		157th Street		1	November 12, 1904[30]
Center Express track begins (No Regular Service)
Harlem		145th Street	local	1	October 27, 1904[31]
	137th Street Yard tracks surround Main Line
		137th Street – City College	local	1	October 27, 1904[31]
		125th Street	local	1	October 27, 1904[31]
Morningside Heights		116th Street – Columbia University	local	1	October 27, 1904[31]	M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport
		Cathedral Parkway – 110th Street	local	1	October 27, 1904[31]
Upper West Side		103rd Street	local	1	October 27, 1904[31]
	Center Express track ends
	IRT Lenox Avenue Line joins as the express tracks (2  3 )
		96th Street	all	1  2  3	October 27, 1904[31]
		91st Street	local		October 27, 1904[31]	Closed February 2, 1959
		86th Street	local	1  2	October 27, 1904[31]
		79th Street	local	1  2	October 27, 1904[31]
		72nd Street	all	1  2  3	October 27, 1904[31]
		66th Street – Lincoln Center	local	1  2	October 27, 1904[31]
Midtown		59th Street – Columbus Circle	local	1  2	October 27, 1904[31]	IND Eighth Avenue Line (A  B  C  D )
		50th Street	local	1  2	October 27, 1904[31]
	merge on northbound local track to IRT 42nd Street Shuttle (no regular service)
		Times Square – 42nd Street	all	1  2  3	June 3, 1917[32]	IRT Flushing Line (7  <7>) IND Eighth Avenue Line (A  C  E ) at 42nd Street – Port Authority Bus Terminal BMT Broadway Line (N  Q  R ) 42nd Street Shuttle (S ) Port Authority Bus Terminal
		34th Street – Penn Station	all	1  2  3	June 3, 1917[32]	Connection to Amtrak, LIRR, and N.J. Transit at Pennsylvania Station M34 / M34A Select Bus Service
Chelsea		28th Street	local	1  2	July 1, 1918
		23rd Street	local	1  2	July 1, 1918
		18th Street	local	1  2	July 1, 1918
		14th Street	all	1  2  3	July 1, 1918	IND Sixth Avenue Line (F  M ) at 14th Street BMT Canarsie Line (L ) at Sixth Avenue Connection to PATH at 14th Street
Greenwich Village		Christopher Street – Sheridan Square	local	1  2	July 1, 1918	Connection to PATH at Christopher Street
		Houston Street	local	1  2	July 1, 1918
TriBeCa		Canal Street	local	1  2	July 1, 1918
		Franklin Street	local	1  2	July 1, 1918
Financial District		Chambers Street	all	1  2  3	July 1, 1918[33]
	Express tracks split to Brooklyn Branch (2  3 ); Local tracks continue as Main line (1 )
		Cortlandt Street	local		July 1, 1918	Closed since September 11, 2001 Connection to PATH at World Trade Center
		Rector Street	local	1	July 1, 1918
	Split between Main line and Outer loop at South Ferry loops
		South Ferry (Loop Platform)	outer loop only	1	July 1, 1918[33]	Closed on March 16, 2009 with the opening of the new terminal Reopened on April 4, 2013 as temporary station and terminal for the 1 train
		South Ferry (New Platform)	local		March 16, 2009[24]	Closed November 2012 due to damage caused by Hurricane Sandy; pending reconstruction BMT Broadway Line (N  R ) M15 Select Bus Service Staten Island Ferry at South Ferry
Main line terminates (1 )
Brooklyn Branch (2  3 )
Financial District		Park Place	express	2  3	August 1, 1918	IND Eighth Avenue Line (A  C ) at Chambers Street IND Eighth Avenue Line (E ) at World Trade Center Connection to PATH at World Trade Center
		Fulton Street	express	2  3	August 1, 1918	IRT Lexington Avenue Line (4  5 ) IND Eighth Avenue Line (A  C ) BMT Nassau Street Line (J  Z ) Connection to BMT Broadway Line (N  R ) at Cortlandt Street via Dey Street Passageway
		Wall Street	express	2  3	August 1, 1918
Clark Street Tunnel
Brooklyn Heights		Clark Street	express	2  3	April 15, 1919
Downtown Brooklyn		Borough Hall	express	2  3	April 15, 1919	IRT Eastern Parkway Line (4  5 ) BMT Fourth Avenue Line (N  R ) at Court Street
becomes the local tracks of the IRT Eastern Parkway Line (2  3 )

References

External links

Wikinews has related news: New York City Subway's skip-stop 9 service to make its last run May 27

Wikimedia Commons has media related to IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1915 Seventh Avenue subway collapse.

• nycsubway.org — IRT West Side Line

New York City Subway Services Services in operation  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   A   B   C   D   E   F   G   J   L   M   N   Q   R   Z   S  Shuttles 42nd Street Franklin Avenue Rockaway Park Unused or defunct services 8 9 AA BB CC EE (Eighth Avenue) EE (Broadway) GG HH (Court Street) HH (Rockaway Park) H (Rockaway Park) H (Far Rockaway) JJ K (Jamaica) K (Eighth Avenue) KK LL MJ NX P QB QJ QT RJ RR T TT U V W X Y JFK Express Shuttles 63rd Street Bowling Green Culver Grand Street BMT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Brooklyn Loops Stations By borough The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens By type Closed Terminals Transfer Accessible Divisions A Division IRT B Division BMT IND Other lists Lines Yards Rolling stock R-type contracts Expansion Capital projects 7 Subway Extension Second Avenue Subway Other proposals History Early history IRT BMT BRT (defunct) Dual Contracts Accidents Ninth Avenue derailment Malbone Street Wreck 1928 Times Square derailment 1991 Union Square derailment Miss Subways Strikes 1966 1980 2005 2000 lawsuit against NYCTA Infrastructure 58 Joralemon Street Fulton Center Corbin Building Dey Street Passageway Substations 7 18 219 401 IRT Dyckman-Hillside Arts and culture Tiles MTA Arts & Design Music Under New York In popular culture Subway Series Mass Transit Super Bowl Miscellaneous Map Nomenclature Automation and signals Chaining Fares MetroCard Pizza Principle Subway Challenge Other rapid transit in NYC AirTrain JFK Port Authority Trans-Hudson Staten Island Railway Stations Historical Beach Pneumatic Transit

Crossings of the East River Upstream Cranberry Street Tunnel Clark Street Tunnel Downstream Montague Street Tunnel