Hypusine

Hypusine
Names
IUPAC name
2-Amino-6-[(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)amino]hexanoic acid[1]
Other names
N6-(4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine
Identifiers
34994-11-1 (2S)-2-Amino, -6-{[(2R)-2-hydroxybutyl]amino} Yes
ChEBI CHEBI:21858 
ChemSpider 10624726 
16740599 (2S)-2-Amino 
9097677 (2S)-2-Amino, -6-{[(2R)-2-hydroxybutyl]amino} 
58862 (2S)-2-Amino, -6-{[(2S)-2-hydroxybutyl]amino} 
Jmol-3D images Image
Image
MeSH hypusine
PubChem 21878228
15930878 (2S)-2-Amino
10922432 (2S)-2-Amino, -6-{[(2R)-2-hydroxybutyl]amino}
65396 (2S)-2-Amino, -6-{[(2S)-2-hydroxybutyl]amino}
Properties
Molecular formula
C10H23N3O3
Molar mass 233.31 g·mol−1
Related compounds
Related alkanoic acids
Related compounds
Palmitoylethanolamide
Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
  verify (what is: Yes/?)
Infobox references

Hypusine is an unusual amino acid found in all eukaryotes and in some archaea, but not in bacteria. The only known protein containing hypusine is eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) and a similar protein found in archaebacteria.[2] In humans, two isoforms of eIF-5A have been described: eIF5A-1 and eIF5A-2. They are encoded by two different genes EIF5A and EIF5A2. The protein is involved in protein biosynthesis and promotes the formation of the first peptide bond. The region surrounding the hypusine residue is highly conserved and is essential to the function of eIF5A.[3] Thus, hypusine and eIF-5A appear to be vital for the viability and proliferation of eukaryotic cells.

Hypusine is formed in eIF-5A by post-translational modification of one of the lysyl residues. There are two reactions and two enzymes involved:

An excess of hypusine was found in the urine of children and patients with familial hyperlysinemia.

Hypusine was first isolated from bovine brain by Japanese scientists Shiba et al. in 1971.[4] The name hypusine indicates that the molecule comprises moieties of hydroxyputrescine and lysine.

References

  1. "34994-11-1 - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 5 December 2007. Identification. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  2. Park MH (2006). "The post-translational synthesis of a polyamine-derived amino acid, hypusine, in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A)". Journal of Biochemistry 139 (2): 161–169. doi:10.1093/jb/mvj034. PMC 2494880. PMID 16452303.
  3. Cano VS, Jeon GA, Johansson HE, Henderson CA, Park JH, Valentini SR, Hershey JW, Park MH (2008). "Mutational analyses of human eIF5A-1 -- Identification of amino acid residues critical for eIF5A activity and hypusine modification". FEBS Journal 275 (1): 44–58. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06172.x. PMC 2536608. PMID 18067580.
  4. Shiba T, Mizote H, Kaneko T, Nakajima T, Kakimoto Y, Isamu S (1971). "Hypusine, a new amino acid occurring in bovine brain. Isolation and structural determination". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 244 (3): 523–531. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(71)90069-9. PMID 4334286.