Hypsibema

Hypsibema Temporal range: Late Cretaceous
Caudal vertebra centrum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Superorder:	Dinosauria
Order:	Ornithischia
Suborder:	Ornithopoda
Infraorder:	Iguanodontia
Superfamily:	Hadrosauroidea
Genus:	Hypsibema Cope, 1869
Type species
†Hypsibema crassicauda Cope, 1869
Species
†Hypsibema crassicauda Cope, 1869 †Hypsibema missouriensis Baird & Horner, 1979
Synonyms
Neosaurus Gilmore & Stewart, 1945 (preoccupied) Parrosaurus Gilmore, 1945

Hypsibema is a little-known genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage, around 75 million years ago). Its giant fossils were found in the U.S. states of North Carolina and Missouri. It is believed to be a hadrosaur, although the Missouri remains were first thought to belong to a small sauropod ("Neosaurus", renamed Parrosaurus).

The type species, Hypsibema crassicauda, was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1869.^[1] The generic name is derived from Greek υψι/hypsi, "high", and βεμα/bema, "step", as Cope believed that the species walked particularly erect on its toes. The specific name means "with a fat tail" in Latin. The holotype, USNM 7189, consists of a caudal vertebra, a humerus, a tibia and a metatarsal, found in 1869 by North Carolina state geologist professor Washington Carruthers Kerr in the King James marl pits. A second vertebra referred to the species, USNM 6136, was later discovered by Edward Wilber Berry.

A second species, H. missouriensis, named by Donald Baird and Jack Horner in 1979 (previously Parrosaurus missouriensis Gilmore 1945),^[2] is since 2004 the official state dinosaur of Missouri.^[3] Its holotype is USNM 16735, a set of vertebrae. Both species are based on fragmentary material, and are today considered dubious.

Notes