Hymenoxys

Rubberweed
Bitterweed
Hymenoxys hoopesii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Helenieae[1]
Genus: Hymenoxys
Cass.
Synonyms[1]
  • Plummera A.Gray
  • Dugaldia Cass.
  • Actinella Juss. ex Nutt.
  • Phileozera Buckley
  • Macdougalia A.Heller

Hymenoxys (Rubberweed or Bitterweed) is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to North and South America.[2][3][4] Harvard University botanist Asa Gray named the genus Plummera, now called Hymenoxys, in honor of Sara Plummer Lemmon.[5]

Plants of this genus are toxic to sheep due to the presence of the sesquiterpene lactone hymenoxon.[6][7][8]

Species[1][9][10][11]
  1. Hymenoxys ambigens - Pinaleno Mountain rubberweed - AZ NM
  2. Hymenoxys anthemoides - Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
  3. Hymenoxys biennis - Utah
  4. Hymenoxys bigelovii - UT AZ NM
  5. Hymenoxys brachyactis - East View rubberweed - New Mexico
  6. Hymenoxys brandegeei - AZ NM CO
  7. Hymenoxys cabrerae - Buenos Aires
  8. Hymenoxys californica - California, Baja California
  9. Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides - San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Zacatecas, México State, Puebla, Oaxaca, Hidalgo
  10. Hymenoxys cooperi - Cooper's rubberweed - CA NV AZ UT ID OR NM
  11. Hymenoxys grandiflora - NM CO WY MT UT ID
  12. Hymenoxys helenioides - intermountain rubberweed - AZ NM CO UT
  13. Hymenoxys hoopesii - owl claws - NM CO WY MT UT ID OR NV CA
  14. Hymenoxys insignis - Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua
  15. Hymenoxys jamesii - Arizona
  16. Hymenoxys lemmonii - Lemmon's rubberweed - AZ OR NV CA
  17. Hymenoxys multiflora - TX NM
  18. Hymenoxys mutica - California
  19. Hymenoxys odorata - bitter rubberweed - CA AZ NM TX OK CO KS ME SC AL, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
  20. Hymenoxys quinquesquamata - rincon rubberweed - AZ NM
  21. Hymenoxys richardsonii - pingue rubberweed, Colorado rubberweed - Alberta, Saskatchewan, MT ID WY UT CO NM AZ TX NE ND NV
  22. Hymenoxys robusta - Bolivia, Argentina, Peru
  23. Hymenoxys rusbyi - AZ NM
  24. Hymenoxys subintegra - Arizona rubberweed - AZ UT
  25. Hymenoxys texana - prairie dawn - Texas
  26. Hymenoxys tweediei - Argentina
  27. Hymenoxys vaseyi - TX NM

note - Hymenoxys acaulis is now considered Tetraneuris acaulis


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ↑ Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de, in Cuvier, F. 1828. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles [Second edition] 55: 278–279in French
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Hymenoxys Cass.
  4. ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 21 Page 435, Bitterweed, rubberweed, Hymenoxys Cassini in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 55: 278. 1828.
  5. ↑ Dupree, A. Hunter (1988). Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 389, 397–398. ISBN 978-0-801-83741-8.
  6. ↑ Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
  7. ↑ Pfeiffer, F. A. and M. C. Calhoun. (1987). Effects of environmental, site, and phenological factors on hymenoxon content of bitterweed, Hymenoxys odorata. Journal of Animal Science 65 1553-62.
  8. ↑ Texas A&M University, Toxicity: H. odorata
  9. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  10. ↑ Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100.
  11. ↑ The Plant List search for Hymenoxys

External links