Hurricane Rick (1985)

Hurricane Rick
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)

Hurricane Rick near peak intensity
Formed September 1, 1985
Dissipated September 12, 1985
Highest winds 1-minute sustained: 145 mph (230 km/h)
Lowest pressure 951 mbar (hPa); 28.08 inHg
Fatalities None
Damage Minimal
Areas affected Hawaii
Part of the 1985 Pacific hurricane season

Hurricane Rick was a very powerful hurricane threatened Hawaii during September 1985. Rick originated from a tropical wave moved slowly westward over the warm waters south of Salina Cruz. Moving westward, the EPHC upgraded the low into a tropical depression on 0000 UTC September 1. The depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Rick midday on September 2. Initially, further intensification was slow to occur; the storm did not attain hurricane status until September 7, nearly a week after it first formed. After becoming a hurricane, Rick began to intensify more rapidly. Early the next day, the EPHC re-assessed the intensity of Rick to Category 4 status. Shortly thereafter, Rick reached its peak intensity of 145 mph (230 km/h). A weakening trend commenced on September 10; Hurricane Rick began to rapidly deteriorate while turning northwest. Within a few hours, the storm had weakened considerably. By September 11, Tropical Storm Rick merged with a trough. Early forecasts noted uncertainty in the storm's path; the hurricane approached the Hawaiian island group, coming close enough to require a high surf advisory. Even though Hurricane Rick turned north sooner than Pauline, the surf did rise slightly.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

Hurricane Rick originated from a tropical wave that moved slowly westward south of Salina Cruz. Despite warm waters, the wave was slow to develop due to strong vertical wind shear in the vicinity of the system. It moved westward because a strong ridge that extended from the Hawaiian Islands to the Southwestern United States was north of the disturbance. Satellite imagery indicated that the thunderstorm activity had increased in the vicinity of the wave on August 31. A surface circulation began to form; subsequently, the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center (EPHC) upgraded the low into Tropical Depression Eighteen at 0000 UTC on September 1. The depression continued west, and was upgraded into Tropical Storm Rick midday on September 2.[1] Initially expected to turn north and approach the Baja California Peninsula,[2] the system briefly slowed and turned southwest while the ridge dough southward, but the storm resumed a westerly course on September 4. Despite being situated over warm waters and in a low wind shear environment, further intensification was initially slow to occur since Rick was 800 mi (1,285 km) east of Hurricane Pauline. Rick did not attain hurricane status until the evening hours of September 6 while located over 1,000 mi (1,610 km) west-southwest of Cabo San Lucas.[1]

After becoming a hurricane, Rick began to intensify more rapidly.[1] About 30 hours after becoming a hurricane, Rick attained Category 2 status on the present-day Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS). By 1200 UTC on September 8, Rick reached Category 3 status.[3] Early the next day, the EPHC re-assessed the intensity of Rick to 140 mph (225 km/h), making Rick a Category 4 hurricane[1] while developing a large[4] and well-defined eye.[1] Six hours later, the storm's forecast responsibility was handed over to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC).[1] Around that time, Rick reached its peak intensity of 145 mph (230 km/h),[3] with gusts up to 170 mph (275 km/h).[5] At peak, one newspaper described Rick as "one of the strongest and best developed [hurricanes] on record".[6] Moreover, Hurricane Rick was, at that time, the second intense hurricane on record in the CPHC's area of responsibility; only Hurricane Patsy during the 1959 Pacific hurricane season exceeded Rick in intensity.[4] Since then, however, many storms have suppressed Rick in terms of both wind speed and pressure.[3]

Following a path similar to Pauline, the hurricane moved northwest, encountering increased southwesterly shear, which commenced a weakening trend. On September 10, Rick's eye started to become ragged and cloud-filled, when it was downgraded into a Category 3 hurricane. A dropsonde released into the eye of Hurricane Rick showed an central pressure of 951 mbar (951.00 hPa; 28.08 inHg). Recurving away from Hawaii, the system began to rapidly deteriorate and was reduced to a Category 1 hurricane during the evening hours of September 10. The next day, Rick was downgraded into a tropical storm roughly 600 mi (965 km) east of Hilo. Later that day, the tropical storm merged with the same trough that absorbed Hurricane Pauline several days earlier. Despite this, a weak low-level circulation persisted for several more days.[4]

Preparations and impact

Early forecasts remarked the potential to be more of a threat to Hawaii than Pauline because Rick was further south than Pauline and thus less likely to weaken since Rick was over of warmer sea surface temperatures than Pauline.[7] It did indeed approached the islands, coming close enough to require a high surf advisory.[6] Even though Rick's intensity was much greater than Pauline's, Hurricane Pauline re-curved sooner than Rick. While the surf did rise somewhat, the waves were significantly lower than the heights experienced during Pauline. The U.S. Coast Guard received a report of an overdue sailing vessel en route to the Hawaiian Island group. However, it is unknown if Pauline or Rick affected the boat's course.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Gunther, Emil B.; R.L. Cross (October 1986). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1985". Monthly Weather Review 114 (10): 1931–1949. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<1931:ENPTCO>2.0.CO;2.
  2. ↑ Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center; E.B. Gunther and R.L. Cross; National Weather Service Western Region (1986). "Annual data and verification tabulation, eastern North Pacific tropical storms and hurricanes, 1985" (PDF). National Weather Service.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (July 7, 2014). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2013". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 10, 2014. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "The 1985 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
  5. ↑ "Hurricane Rick veers away from Hawaii". Lodi News-Sentinel. United Press International. September 11, 1985. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Severe hurricane near Hawaii". Lawrence-Journal World. Associated Press. September 10, 1985. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  7. ↑ "Hurricane threat eases". Times Daily. September 8, 1985. Retrieved July 4, 2012.