Hurricane Gonzalo

Hurricane Gonzalo
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)

Gonzalo at peak intensity on October 16, 2014
Formed October 12, 2014
Dissipated October 25, 2014[1]
(Extratropical after October 19)
Highest winds 1-minute sustained: 145 mph (230 km/h)
Lowest pressure 940 mbar (hPa); 27.76 inHg
Fatalities 5 direct, 1 indirect
Damage $200 million (2014 USD)
Areas affected Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Atlantic Canada, Europe
Part of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Gonzalo was a powerful Atlantic hurricane that had destructive impacts in the Lesser Antilles, British Overseas Territory of Bermuda and Britain in mid-October 2014. Forming from a tropical wave east of the Caribbean Sea on October 12, Gonzalo passed through the Leeward Islands and steadily strengthened. The storm tracked northwestward as it intensified into a Category 4 major hurricane, the first in the Atlantic since Ophelia in 2011, on October 15. A series of eyewall replacement cycles led to fluctuations in the hurricane's structure and intensity, but on October 16, Gonzalo peaked with maximum sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h). Turning northeastward, the cyclone gradually weakened before crossing directly over central Bermuda at Category 2 strength, around 00:30 UTC on October 18. Gonzalo accelerated toward the waters of the North Atlantic, passing close to southeastern Newfoundland before becoming extratropical on October 19.

As a developing system, Gonzalo damaged homes and trees in Antigua and Barbuda with hurricane-force wind gusts. Dozens of boats were destroyed on the island of Saint Martin, where one person died and utilities such as water and power were affected. Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands experienced squally weather conditions. After Hurricane Fay caused extensive power outages on the island just days before, Bermuda was forced to complete preparations for Gonzalo in haste. Banks, businesses, schools, and government offices closed in advance of the storm, while L.F. Wade International Airport and the Causeway were both preemptively shut down. Gonzalo battered the island with wind gusts as high as 144 mph (232 km/h), downing numerous trees and power poles and causing widespread roof damage. At the height of the storm, about 31,000 out of 36,000 total electricity customers were without power. "Barely a road" was passable immediately following the hurricane, though the territory generally fared better than expected, with no known fatalities or serious injuries. Nonetheless, Gonzalo caused significant damage on Bermuda; estimated to be between $200 and $400 million (2014 USD); approximately half the loss of Hurricane Fabian of 2003, when inflation is accounted for.[2]

On October 20, the remnants of Gonzalo headed for landfall in the United Kingdom and Ireland, causing heavy rains and gale-force winds.[3] Three people in Britain died due to injuries caused by the storm.[4]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

On October 10, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring a tropical wave east of the Lesser Antilles. The system had a concentrated area of convection and encountered conditions generally favorable for further development.[5] It gradually became better organized, developing a small low pressure area, and the NHC increased the potential for tropical cyclogenesis to 60% on October 11.[6][7] On the next day, the Hurricane Hunters flew into the system and observed maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) within the system; based on the data, the NHC classified it as Tropical Storm Gonzalo at 17:30 UTC about 200 mi (320 km) east of Guadeloupe. A ridge steered the nascent storm to the west toward the Lesser Antilles. The NHC anticipated gradual strengthening due to the small size, sea surface temperatures of over 84° F (29° C), and low wind shear, although dry air in the region was a hampering factor.[8] Soon after the NHC began issuing advisories, Gonzalo developed an eye feature.[9] Convection was strong near the center, although somewhat disorganized and limited to the west.[10]

On October 13 between 13:00 and 14:00 UTC, the storm passed over Antigua in the eastern Caribbean, with winds reaching 67 mph (103 km/h).[11] Later that day, Gonzalo attained hurricane status while near Saint Martin, based on reports from the Hurricane Hunters.[12] After passing just north of the island, the eye later moved over Anguilla and passed just north of the British Virgin Islands while continuing to intensify.[13][14] By this time, the storm was curving toward the northwest around the periphery of the ridge over the central Atlantic.[15] By late on October 14, the eye shrank to a diameter of 17 mi (28 km) while becoming more distinct on satellite imagery. Based on observations from the Hurricane Hunters, the NHC upgraded Gonzalo to a major hurricane – a Category 3 on the Saffir–Simpson scale with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h).[16] On October 15, a concentric eyewall structure became evident, indicative of an eyewall replacement cycle, with the inner feature "about as small as it can get" according to the NHC. Simultaneously, the hurricane was upgraded to Category 4 intensity based on updated data from reconnaissance aircraft; it was the first Category 4 hurricane in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Ophelia in 2011.[17]

The eyewall replacement cycle briefly disrupted the storm's core, allowing Gonzalo to weaken slightly,[18] but when the cycle completed on the evening of October 15, the system stabilized and resumed intensification.[19][20] While moving northward early the next day, Gonzalo reached its peak intensity with winds of 145 mph (230 km/h).[21] By evening it had turned north-northeastward ahead of an advancing trough over the eastern United States.[22] After undergoing further internal fluctuations, Gonzalo began to slowly weaken on October 17 as it approached Bermuda from the south-southwest.[23] The hurricane was downgraded to a Category 2 as the northern eyewall crossed the island,[24] and at about 00:30 UTC on October 18, the center of circulation passed directly over Bermuda, signalling an official landfall.[25] Moving away from the island, the hurricane continued to degrade,[26] but showed signs of increased organization later on October 18.[27] As Gonzalo accelerated northeastward at over 50 mph (80 km/h), it passed about 30 miles (45 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland early on October 19.[28] The storm maintained hurricane intensity east of Newfoundland as it passed over waters colder than 50 °F (10 °C), with deep convection persisting near the center.[29] Later that day, Gonzalo finally succumbed to the cold environment and intense wind shear, completing its transition into an extratropical cyclone, although winds remained at hurricane force.[30] On October 21, Gonzalo's remnants made landfall over the British Isles, and it was reported that two people were killed and three more people had been injured after winds up to 75 mph and heavy rain battered the UK.[31] On October 22, Gonzalo's extratropical remnant weakened to a 995 mbar storm, as it moved ashore in Europe,[32] before finally moving southward into the Aegean Sea on October 24. Early on October 25, the extratropical remnant of Gonzalo was absorbed by another developing extratropical cyclone to the south.[1]

Preparations and impact

Caribbean

Hurricane Gonzalo over the Lesser Antilles on October 13

When Gonzalo first formed, various governments across the eastern Caribbean issued tropical cyclone warnings and watches, extending from Guadeloupe to the coast of Puerto Rico.[33] As the storm was strengthening and moving through the region, a hurricane warning was issued for the British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, and Saint Martin.[34][35] Several major cruise lines altered their itineraries to avoid the storm.[36]

While moving through the northeastern Lesser Antilles, Gonzalo produced sustained winds of 67 mph (103 km/h) on Antigua, with gusts to 88 mph (142 km/h).[11] Some roads were blocked by downed trees, while numerous homes received significant damage to their roofs. The storm caused an island-wide power outage and destroyed fishing boats.[36] Schools and businesses on Antigua were forced to close, and four emergency shelters were opened to storm victims.[36] A total of 79 homes sustained roof damage on the island, with the St. George Constituency suffering the greatest losses. Damage losses in Antigua amounted to EC$22.15 million (US$8.2 million).[37] Similar conditions occurred on the nearby island of Barbuda.[38] Total economic losses in Antigua and Barbuda reached US$40 million, with a large portion stemming from compensation to American Airlines.[39]

The storm destroyed 37 boats docked on Saint Martin, including 22 in Simpson Bay Lagoon; most of them capsized. An elderly man aboard one of the stricken vessels died. Two men – one each on Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy – were reported missing.[40] Immediately after the storm, the Associated Press reported an ongoing regional search for five additional people believed to be aboard missing or damaged boats.[41] Gonzalo impaired water and electricity services on Dutch Sint Maarten, where strong winds brought down trees and significant damage to homes. The Saint Maarten Zoo sustained heavy structural damage, though all resident animals survived unharmed.[40] The strongest sustained winds recorded at 65 mph (100 km/h), with gusts to 76 mph (121 km/h) in the airport on the Dutch side. In the French side, the airport received a sustained winds near 55 mph (88 km/h) with gusts up to 94 mph (151 km/h).

Gonzalo produced squally weather in parts of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, causing power outages and compelling 20 people to stay in an emergency shelter.[42][43] Cyril E. King Airport on Saint Thomas was temporarily closed due to the storm;[43] the airport ultimately endured blustery conditions, with gusts reaching 35 mph (56 km/h).[44] Elsewhere, rough seas affected parts of the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas.[38]

Bermuda

Gonzalo approaching Bermuda as view from International Space Station

Late on October 14, while Gonzalo was still located about 1,135 km (705 mi) to the south, the Bermuda Weather Service issued a hurricane watch for the island.[45] The watch was upgraded to a warning the next day.[46] Having been affected by Tropical Storm Fay just days earlier, residents quickly began preparing for Gonzalo by obtaining emergency supplies and expediting cleanup efforts from the previous storm.[47] The Premier of Bermuda, Michael Dunkley, advised residents to complete most preparations by the afternoon of October 16.[48] Banks and businesses began closing that day,[49] while schools and government offices were set to close on October 17.[50] One school was opened as a storm shelter,[51] and ultimately 66 people sought refuge there.[52] Bermuda's only daily newspaper, the Royal Gazette, decided not to go to print on October 17, but distributed the next day's edition for free.[53] Bermuda Regiment soldiers were stationed at various points to support emergency response crews and ensure the safety of residents.[54]

The Caribbean Electric Utility Services Corporation was preparing to send crews from Barbados, Dominica, and the British Virgin Islands to assist the Bermuda Electric Light Company (BELCO) in the event of power outages resulting from Gonzalo. Still completing restoration work after massive outages from Fay, BELCO stationed vehicles and supplies at strategic points on the island to prepare for the hurricane.[55] On the morning of October 16, BELCO switched its focus from Fay to Gonzalo, leaving around 1,500 households without power; the remaining affected customers were asked to refrain from calling to report outages.[56] Ahead of the storm, the Royal Navy frigate HMS Argyll sailed to the island from the Caribbean to provide emergency relief.[57] Public beaches were closed as hurricane swells began to build, while bus and ferry services were suspended on the evening of October 16. The decision was made to shut down the Causeway at 10 a.m. ADT on October 17, based on forecasts of long-duration severe winds.[51] Additionally, L.F. Wade International Airport closed prior to the storm's onslaught.[58]

Infrared satellite loop of Hurricane Gonzalo passing over Bermuda on October&nsbp;18.

The hurricane generated sustained hurricane-force winds across the island, with gusts reaching 182 km/h (113 mph) at the airport. A nearby elevated observing station recorded a gust of 232 km/h (144 mph) around the same time.[59] The first storm-related power outages began to occur in the early afternoon on October 17 as weather conditions worsened.[60] At the height of the storm, about 31,000 out of 36,000 electricity customers were without power.[61][62] The storm has not been blamed for any deaths or major injuries on Bermuda,[63] and Premier Dunkley reported that the territory fared "much better than we expected".[64]

The intense winds brought down many trees and utility poles, leaving "barely a road" passable.[65] Multiple buildings, including a visitor's center and two churches, suffered roof damage.[65][66] Minor roof damage was reported to the House of Assembly building in Hamilton and the Bermuda Police Service headquarters at Prospect Camp. According to preliminary estimates, the Royal Navy Dockyard alone incurred $1 million (2014 BMD) in damage.[67] Both the new and old portions of the King Edward VII Memorial Hospital received significant damage that exposed the facilities to the elements.[68] An exhibit at the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo lost its roof, and coastal erosion threatened to encroach on the site, though no animals were harmed.[69] The airport sustained some roof and runway lighting damage.[70][71] The Causeway was largely spared, with some damage to the safety walls alongside the road, and it was partially reopened on October 18 after initial repairs.[66] Several boats were washed ashore by the storm.[65]

In the aftermath of the hurricane, a Royal Navy helicopter aboard the Argyll flew ahead of the ship to start aerial damage assessments. Members of the Bermuda Regiment immediately began cleanup and recovery efforts,[66] while the government provided tarps to affected homeowners.[70] L.F. Wade International Airport reopened on October 19 after thorough evaluations.[72] Sailors from the Argyll teamed up with Regiment soldiers upon the ship's arrival to continue relief work.[73]

Gonzalo was the worst hurricane to hit the island since Fabian hit eleven years prior. Damage modellers estimate damage in Bermuda to be between $200 and $400 million (2014 USD); approximately half the loss of Hurricane Fabian of 2003, when inflation is accounted for.[2]

Newfoundland

On October 17, the Canadian Hurricane Centre issued a tropical storm watch for the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, between Arnold's Cove and Chapel's Cove.[74] Some communities, including St. John's, worked to clear debris from culverts and storm drains to minimize the risk of flooding.[75][76] Bands of torrential rainfall produced localized urban flooding in St. John's, while strong winds briefly cut power to about 100 households.[76] Winds gusted to 106 km/h (66 mph) at Cape Pine and 89 km/h (55 mph) at Cape Race.[77]

Western and Central Europe

Flooding along the Elbe River in Hamburg-Risen, Germany on October 22

The extra-tropical remnants of Gonzalo reached the United Kingdom on October 21, with winds gust of 110 km/h (70 mph) recorded in Wales and the Isle of Wight. Downed trees blocked roads and strong winds disrupted transportation. In Southwick, West Sussex three people were injured by falling trees with one woman killed in London. Two men also died in separate accidents in Essex and Merseyside.[78][79] The remnants then proceeded to batter Central Europe. Stuttgart had gusts up to 122 km/h, Munich Airport up to 108 km/h. Much snow fell in the Alps.[80] As of October 23, Gonzalo's remnants had moved to the Aegean Sea. On October 24, rainfall "tied to the remnants of Hurricane Gonzalo" caused intense flooding in Athens, Greece.[81]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "October 25, 2014 surface analysis". October 25, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Modellers estimate $200m-$400m in insured losses from Gonzalo - The Royal Gazette:Bermuda Business". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  3. ↑ "Hurricane Gonzalo hits the UK: When will it arrive and how strong will the storm be?". The Independent. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  4. ↑ "Three people killed and another five injured including two children as Hurricane Gonzalo batters Britain with 108mph winds and rain". Dailymail.co.uk. 21 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  5. ↑ Todd B. Kimberlain (October 10, 2014). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  6. ↑ Eric S. Blake (October 11, 2014). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  7. ↑ Todd Kimberlain (October 11, 2014). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  8. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 12, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo Special Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  9. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 12, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo Discussion Number 2". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  10. ↑ Michael J. Brennan (October 12, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo Discussion Number 3". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Stacy R. Stewart (October 13, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo Discussion Number 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  12. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 13, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 6". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  13. ↑ Michael J. Brennan (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 7". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  14. ↑ Daniel P. Brown (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 8". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  15. ↑ Todd B. Kimberlain (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 11". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  16. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 10". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  17. ↑ John P. Cangialosi (October 15, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 13". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  18. ↑ John P. Cangialosi (October 15, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 14". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  19. ↑ Eric S. Blake (October 15, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 15". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  20. ↑ Michael J. Brennan (October 16, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 16". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  21. ↑ Robbie Berg (October 16, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 17". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  22. ↑ Robbie J. Berg (October 16, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 18". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  23. ↑ Lixion Avila (October 17, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 21". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  24. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 17, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Intermediate Public Advisory Number 22A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  25. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 17, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  26. ↑ Chris Landsea (October 18, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 25". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  27. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 18, 2014). "Hurricane Discussion Number 26". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  28. ↑ Michael J. Brennan (October 19, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Intermediate Public Advisory Number 28". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  29. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 19, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 29". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  30. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 19, 2014). "Post-Tropical Cyclone Gonzalo Discussion Number 30". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Three people killed and another five injured including two children as Hurricane Gonzalo batters Britain with 108mph winds and rain". October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  32. ↑ "October 22, 2014 surface analysis". October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  33. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 12, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo Special Advisory Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  34. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 13, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo Advisory Number 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  35. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 13, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Associated Press (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Hammers Antigua, Damages Homes and Disrupts Caribbean Cruises". The Weather Channel. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  37. ↑ Martina Johnson (December 16, 2014). "Homes suffered greatest Gonzalo damage, report says". St. John's, Antigua: Antigua Observer. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Category 4 Hurricane Gonzalo aims for Bermuda". The Columbus Dispatch. October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  39. ↑ "Airline reimbursements contribute to Gonzalo’s price tag". Antigua Observer. October 22, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Associated Press (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo strengthens, threatens Bermuda". CBC News. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  41. ↑ Associated Press (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo kills one in St Martin and grows to category 3 storm". The Guardian. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  42. ↑ Thomas Barrabi (October 15, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Update: Bermuda Declares Hurricane Watch, Storm Could Reach Category 4 Winds". International Business Times. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Daily Operations Briefing: Tuesday, October 14, 2014" (PDF). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  44. ↑ Lynda Lohr (October 14, 2014). "Rapid Intensification Caused Gonzalo to Veer Away". St. Croix Source. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  45. ↑ Todd P. Kimberlain (October 14, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Advisory Number 11". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  46. ↑ John Cangialosi (October 16, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Advisory Number 14". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  47. ↑ "Category 4 Hurricane Gonzalo aims for Bermuda". The Arizona Republic. October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  48. ↑ Doyle Rice (October 16, 2014). "'Dangerous' Hurricane Gonzalo roars toward Bermuda". USA Today. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  49. ↑ Raymond Hainey (October 16, 2014). "Businesses close early and prepare for Gonzalo". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  50. ↑ Jonathan Bell (October 16, 2014). "Are you ready?". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Jonathon Bell (October 16, 2014). "Causeway to close 10am tomorrow". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  52. ↑ "Premier praises Island’s response". The Royal Gazette. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  53. ↑ "Revised print schedule". The Royal Gazette. October 16, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  54. ↑ "Regiment in action as Gonzalo nears". The Royal Gazette. October 16, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  55. ↑ "CARILEC Prepared To Send Crews To Help". Bernews. October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  56. ↑ Owain Johnston-Barnes (October 16, 2014). "Belco: 1,500 still without power". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  57. ↑ Simon Jones (October 16, 2014). "HMS Argyll heading to Bermuda". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  58. ↑ "Hurricane Gonzalo: Bermuda 'bruised' by direct hit". BBC News. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  59. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (October 18, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  60. ↑ "Midnight: 30,700 in the dark as Gonzalo resumes". The Royal Gazette. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  61. ↑ "Belco restoration: 26,775 without power at 11.30am". The Royal Gazette. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  62. ↑ "Updating On BELCO’s Service Restoration". Bernews. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  63. ↑ "Hurricane Gonzalo blacks out most of Bermuda". BBC News. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  64. ↑ "Bermuda dodges major hurricane damage". Otago Daily Times. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 "Roads blocked and serious damage Island-wide". The Royal Gazette. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 Leanne McGrath (October 18, 2014). "Causeway reopens at 1.10pm". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  67. ↑ "House of Assembly roof among damage Island-wide". The Royal Gazette. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  68. ↑ "Damage to hospital roof reported". The Royal Gazette. October 17, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  69. ↑ "Aquarium damaged in Gonzalo". The Royal Gazette. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 "EMO Statement: Airport, Causeway, Schools". Bernews. October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Airport to reopen today". The Royal Gazette. October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  72. ↑ "Airport Re-Opens, Flights Now Arriving". Bernews. October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  73. ↑ "Regiment and Navy help clean up Island". The Royal Gazette. October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  74. ↑ Lixion Avila (October 17, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo Forecast Advisory Number 22". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  75. ↑ Jonathon Parsons (October 16, 2014). "Bonavista preparing for Gonzalo". The Packet. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 "Hurricane Gonzalo douses Newfoundland, moves offshore". CBC News. October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  77. ↑ Jeff Masters (October 19, 2014). "Gonzalo Brushes Newfoundland; Ana Drenching Hawaii". Weather Underground. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  78. ↑ BBC editorial staff (October 21, 2014). "Hurricane Gonzalo: Woman hit by tree in London dies". The British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  79. ↑ "Hurricane Gonzalo live: two dead as winds batter Britain". Telegraph.co.uk. 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  80. ↑ Gonzalo in Germany
  81. ↑ Greece Flooding, Caused By Slow-Moving Remnants of Hurricane Gonzalo, Covers Athens Streets