Hugh Whistler

Hugh Whistler (28 September 1889 – 7 July 1943), F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. was an English ornithologist who worked in India. He wrote one of the first field guides to Indian birds and documented their distributions in numerous notes in several journals apart from describing several new subspecies.[1][2]

Life and career

Whistler was born in Mablethorpe to Major Fuller Whistler and educated at Aldenham School. He served with the Indian police mainly in the Punjab. He served in India from December 1909 to April 1926. He was initially posted at Phillaur but was later to serve across Punjab including districts such as Jhang that were considered unpopular. He was also posted in other regions including Kangra, Lahul and Spiti. He began to correspond with Claud Buchanan Ticehurst and when on leave in England in 1910, he visited Grove House at Lowestoft and was introduced to scientific ornithology. Wherever he was posted, he took an interest in the local birdlife, keeping careful notes and making collections. In 1924 he returned to England and made a trip to Spain with Ticehurst. On 2 October 1925 he married Margaret Joan Ashton daughter of Thomas Gair Ashton, 1st Baron Ashton of Hyde and Eva Margaret James who were from near his own home in Battle. He died on 7 July 1943 leaving behind a daughter Benedicta (now deceased) and son Ralfe.[2][3][4]

Ornithology

Whistler studied and collected birds wherever he was posted in India and on retiring to England he continued his researches into Indian ornithology. He published extensively in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, making notes on the occurrence and on the distributions of various geographic plumage variations. He also published a ten-part introduction to the study of birds in India. He also made collecting trips to Spain, Albania, Italy and Algeria often in the company of Claud Buchanan Ticehurst. Around 1925 a plan was made by W S Millard, Sir George Lowndes and F J Mitchell to produce an illustrated guide to the birds of India for beginners. Whistler was asked to help in its writing and it was eventually published in 1928 as the Popular Handbook of Indian Birds. Four later editions of this publication were issued and the last was published after his death.[2][5] In this work he foresaw the value of popularizing observation based ornithology:

The day is now over in which it was necessary to collect large series of skins and eggs in India. Enough general collecting has been done; concentration on filling in the gaps in our knowledge is now needed. Those who wish to help in the work should first familiarise themselves with what has been accomplished and learn what remains to be done. With some species the distribution of the different races still needs to be worked out and this implies careful collecting in certain areas. Of other species we still need to know the plumage changes; for this specimens collected at certain times of the year are required. In other species the down and juvenile plumages are unknown. But the greatest need of all is accurate observations on status and migration. In this all can help. Keep full notes for a year on the birds of your station, noting those that are resident and the times of arrival and departure, comparative abundance and scarcity of all the migratory kinds; and you will have made a contribution to ornithology that will in the measure of its accuracy and fullness be a help to every other worker.

Whistler lived at Battle, East Sussex during his retirement, where he was a Justice of the Peace. He made one trip to India in 1928 as a guest of Admiral Hubert Lynes with the intention of studying the birds of Kashmir. Lynes was however recalled back to England, but insisted that Whistler and B. B. Osmaston complete the bird survey. He joined the British Ornithologists' Union in 1913 and in 1940 served as its as Vice-President. He visited Kashmir with Admiral Lynes and wanted to produce an account of the birds of Punjab and Kashmir, however this was not completed. He was also interested in hounds, pheasant rearing, falconry and an was an antiquarian. He was for a while involved in the care of Bodiam Castle.[2] Whistler was a very careful and critical observer noted for his "capacity for taking pains".[1] He was skeptical of George Bristow (ornithologist) and his observations which was later to become famous as the Hastings Rarities scandal.[6] He was critical of egg collection driven by trade and remarked on the unscrupulous collection that he heard of from a correspondent in the Khasi hills. He further remarked that eggs from Assam or Sikkim be treated with caution by oologists. This article was reacted to by E C Stuart Baker.[7][8]

Several subspecies of birds were named after him including some by Ticehurst, Delacour and Stresemann. Whistler's Warbler originally described as Seicercus burkii whistleri is now considered a full species Seicercus whistleri. The Whistler Prize of Sussex University, awarded to the best essay on natural history or archaeology, is named after him. His collection of 17,320 bird skins was presented to the Natural History Museum by Mrs Whistler in 1949.[9]

Writings

A partial list of Whistler's writings includes:

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Anon. (1943). "Obituary". Nature 152 (3851): 210–211. doi:10.1038/152210a0.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kinnear, NB (1943). "Obituary". Ibis 85 (4): 524–532. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1943.tb03867.x.
  3. Charles Mosley, ed. (1999). Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition 1. Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. p. 122.
  4. Palmer, T. S. (1947). "Obituary" (PDF). Auk 64 (4): 661.
  5. Ali, S (1941). The Book of Indian Birds (1 ed.). Bombay: Bombay Natural History Society. p. iii.
  6. "British Ornithologists' Union 1858–2008". Ibis 150 (4): 859–864. 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00874.x.
  7. Whistler, Hugh (2008). "Native-taken Eggs". Ibis 77 (1): 241. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1935.tb05394.x.
  8. Baker, ECS (1935). "Native-taken eggs". Ibis 77 (2): 475–483. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1935.tb02983.x.
  9. Anonymous (1950). "Current Notes". Ibis 92 (2): 341. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1950.tb01757.x.