Hu Xiansu

Hu Xiansu (left) and Hu Shih

Hu Xiansu or Hu Hsien-Hsu (simplified Chinese: 胡先骕; traditional Chinese: 胡先驌; pinyin: Hú Xiānsù, 24 May 1894 – 16 July 1968), was a Chinese botanist and an influential traditional scholar of his time. He was a founder of plant taxonomy in China and a pioneer of modern botany research in the country.

Along with his colleagues of the Science Society of China, Hu was a key leader of the first biological research institute in the country, and played an important role in founding the Botanical Society of China. He established the first plantation for botanical research at Mount Lu in Jiangxi, and initiated or conducted large-scale survey of flora of China.

Between 1940 and 1944, he was the founding president of National Chung Cheng University (later known as National Nanchang University). In the 1940s, he played a key role, along with Wan Chun Cheng, in identifying and naming a new living species of Metasequoia previously known only from fossils, in Sichuan, China.

In the 1950s, Hu was openly critical of Lysenko's anti-Mendelian doctrines in genetics and agricultural practices, despite heavy Soviet influences and political pressures at that time.

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