Hoxhaism

Hoxhaism is a variant of anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism that developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the Maoist movement, appearing after the ideological row between the Communist Party of China and the Party of Labour of Albania in 1978.[1] It is a separate international tendency within Marxism-Leninism, and is sometimes compared to Titoism.[2]

Hoxhaism demarcates itself by a strict defense of the legacy of Joseph Stalin, the organisation of the Soviet Union under Stalin,[3] and fierce criticism of virtually all other Communist groupings as "revisionist".

Critical of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, and Yugoslavia, Enver Hoxha labeled the latter three "social-imperialist" and condemned the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 before withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact in response. Hoxhaism, like Titoism, respects the right of nations to pursue socialism by different paths, dictated by the conditions in that country[4]—though Hoxha personally held that Titoism, in practice, was "anti-Marxist" overall.[5]

Hoxha declared Albania the only state legitimately adhering to Marxism–Leninism after 1978. The Albanians succeeded in ideologically winning over a large share of the Maoists, mainly in Latin America (such as the Popular Liberation Army and Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador, as well as the Communist Party of Brazil), but they also had a significant international following in general.

Following the fall of the Communist government in Albania in 1991, the pro-Albanian parties grouped themselves around an international conference and the publication Unity and Struggle.

List of Hoxhaist parties

Active

Historical

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ Communism for Know-It-Alls. Filiquarian Publishing, LLC. 2008. p. 23.
  2. ↑ Ascoli, Max (1961). The Reporter, Volume 25. p. 30.
  3. ↑ Pridham, Geoffrey (2000). The Dynamics of Democratization: A Comparative Approach. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 70.
  4. ↑ "A Brief Guide to Hoxhaism". The Red Star Vanguard. Retrieved 23 May 201. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ↑ Hoxha, Enver. "Enver Hoxha: Eurocommunism is Anticommunism". Retrieved 23 May 2014.