Hornisgrinde

Hornisgrinde

Radio Tower on top of the Hornisgrinde
Elevation 1,164 m (3,819 ft)
Location
Hornisgrinde

The location within Baden-Württemberg

Location Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Range Black Forest
Coordinates 48°36′25″N 8°12′9″E / 48.60694°N 8.20250°ECoordinates: 48°36′25″N 8°12′9″E / 48.60694°N 8.20250°E

The Hornisgrinde, 1,164 m (3,820 ft), is the highest mountain in the Northern Black Forest of Germany. The Hornisgrinde lies in northern Ortenaukreis district.

Origin of the name

The name is probably derived from Latin, and essentially translates to "swampy head," referring to the Hochmoor. Another interpretation of the name is derived from the terms Horn, miss and grind and meant the same as kahler Bergrücken ("bald ridge"), which carries a moorland on its height.

Geography

The summit of the Hornisgrinde is framed of the Muhrkopf (1003 m) near Unterstmatt in the north and the Mummelsee (1036 m) in the south. In the west the slope is cut through by the Schwarzwaldhochstraße (B 500) in approximately 900 to 1000 m, in the east drops the tendency steeply to the ice-age cirque Biberkessel with the landing Blindsee lake. The summit changes to the Katzenkopf mountain in the southwest at 1123 m, into the southeast drops the burr toward Seibelseckle. The Katzenkopf mountain and the southeast burr of the Hornisgrinde form the cirque of the Mummelsee.

Grinden and raised bogs

Protected areas of the raised bog on the summit plateau of the Hornisgrinde with typical bog vegetation and crooked, stunted fir trees

The Grinden - treeless wet heathlands on the highest areas, were created following forest clearance and the subsequent use of the land as grazing in the 15th century. By contrast the raised bog, up to five metres thick, in the southeastern area of the summit plateau is naturally treeless. It is reckoned to be at least 6,000 years old.[1]

Parts of the plateau with the raised bog and the Karwand to the Biberkessel were designated as the Hornisgrinde-Biberkessel Nature Reserve (Naturschutzgebiet Hornisgrinde–Biberkessel, 95 ha.) in 1992.

Climate

The Hornisgrinde belongs to the precipitation-richest places in Germany. The average yearly precipitation amounts to 1931 mm. Over 99% of the measuring points of the German weather service indicate lower values. The driest month is February; at most it rains in June. There's 1.4 times more precipitation in the precipitation-richest month than in the driest one. The seasonal precipitation fluctuations lie in the upper third. In over 81% of all places the monthly precipitation varies less.

History

Dreifürstenstein

Dreifürstenstein

The Dreifürstenstein is a sandstone plate, which is located at the southeast edge of the plateau. It originates from the year 1722 and marked the border between the Margraviate of Baden, the duchy Württemberg and the Diocese of Strasbourg. Today the point represents the boundary border between Baden's municipalities Sasbach, Seebach and Württemberg's municipality Baiersbronn. With a height of 1,151 m above sea level the Dreifürstenstein is the highest point of Württemberg.[2]

Military use

In 1938 the entire southern range of the summit level was declared as the military restricted area. First being in use since 1942 by the German Forces as an air defense position, the French took over the location in 1945. These operated on the Hornisgrinde an observing station on behalf of the French foreign secret service DGSE. Later the location was used parallel also by the Bundeswehr and NATO. After the plant went out of operation in 1994, it lay fallow several years. The restricted area was released in 1997. In 1999 the neighbor municipalities took over the federal area. Some of the buildings and masts are preserved, however they're purging more and more.

Tourism

Across the ridge the Westweg leads, along the west and south slope runs the Schwarzwaldhochstraße with a large parking lot at the Mummelsee. From there a didactic exhibition with diagrams of the nature protection center Ruhestein leads across the summit level, which crosses the Hochmoor by a wood plank way.

Old hangar below the tower

Observation tower

At the southern end, above the Mummelsee, stands the 23 m high Hornisgrindeturm. Its building of 1910 goes back to the initiative of the Schwarzwaldverein association of Baden. New red sandstone was used as building material. Together with the Mummelsee the tower was one of the most popular trip goals of the region at that time. In 1942 it was seized by the Luftwaffe. After World War II the French military used it. In 2000 the forestry association Seebach acquired the tower back from the federation and transferred it to the municipality Seebach into hereditary lease. To May 29, 2005 the tower was opened again for the public.

Signal tower

At the highest point of the mountain, in the midst of the summit level is a further tower, the 7 meters high signal tower established around 1840. In 1892 it was converted by assembly of stairs at the exterior into an observation tower. However, it was inaccessible during the military use of the summit. In 2000 the tower (also called Bismarck tower) was reorganized and made again accessible by a steel spiral stair lying outside.

Winter sports

Alpine

Directly to the Hornisgrinde is no lift system. However, north of the summit is the Skizirkus Unterstmatt, with two lifts at the north slope of the Muhrkopf. In the south the skiing lift Seibelseckle is neighbouring.

Cross-country skiing

Around the summit of the Hornisgrinde leads a 14 km long loipe consisting of the Mummelseeloipe (6 km), Hundsrückenloipe (4.5 km) and the Ochsenstall-Seibelseckle loipe (3.5 km). It is prepared for classical and skating technology. Entrance possibilities are at the Mummelsee, at the col Seibelseckle and at the col Unterstmatt.

Technical plants

Panorama of the Hornisgrinde

References

  1. Hornisgrinde - Biberkessel, naturschutz.landbw.de, retrieved 24 August 2013
  2. Das ist der Gipfel!. In: Gäubote. September 7th, 2006.

External links