Horizon (geology)

In geology a horizon refers to either a bedding surface where there is marked change in the lithology within a sequence of sedimentary or volcanic rocks, or a distinctive layer or thin bed with a characteristic lithology or fossil content within a sequence.[1] In the interpretation of seismic reflection data, horizons are the reflectors (or seismic events) picked on individual profiles. These reflectors represent a change in rock properties across a boundary between two layers of rock, particularly seismic velocity and density.[2]

Marker horizon

Main article: Marker horizon

Marker horizons are stratigraphic units of distinctive lithology (different from the bulk of the sequence) with a wide geographical extent that are used in stratigraphic correlation. Layers of tuff (lithified volcanic ash) are often used for this purpose.

Event horizon

An event horizon is a bed that marks a geological event, such as an earthquake or a meteorite impact. It is the basic unit used in event stratigraphy.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Rey, J. (2008). "Stratigraphy: Foundations and Perspectives". In Rey J. & Galeotti S. Stratigraphy: Terminology and Practice. Editions OPHRYS. p. 10. ISBN 9782710809104. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  2. ↑ Schlumberger Limited (2013). "horizon". Oilfield Glossary. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  3. ↑ Grippo, A. (9 May 2011). "Event stratigraphy". Retrieved 28 January 2013.