Hisonotus
| Hisonotus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hisonotus paulinus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Subfamily: | Hypoptopomatinae |
| Genus: | Hisonotus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 |
| Type species | |
| Hisonotus notatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 | |
Hisonotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.
Taxonomy
Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster have, until recently, been considered as synonymous, although they are now recognized as separate and valid taxa.[1] In the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses, both Hisonotus and Parotocinclus are relatively basal taxa within the Otothyrini clade.[2]
Species
There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus:
- Hisonotus acuen G. S. C. Silva, Roxo & C. de Oliveira, 2014 [3]
- Hisonotus aky Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón & Koerber, 2004
- Hisonotus armatus T. P. Carvalho, Lehmann A., E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2008
- Hisonotus bocaiuva Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2013 [4]
- Hisonotus bockmanni M. de Carvalho & Datovo, 2012 [5]
- Hisonotus brunneus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
- Hisonotus carreiro T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
- Hisonotus charrua Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Litz, 2006
- Hisonotus chromodontus Britski & Garavello, 2007 [6]
- Hisonotus depressicauda A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918
- Hisonotus depressinotus A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918
- Hisonotus francirochai Ihering (pt), 1928
- Hisonotus heterogaster T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
- Hisonotus hungy Azpelicueta, Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2007 [7]
- Hisonotus insperatus Britski & Garavello, 2003
- Hisonotus iota T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
- Hisonotus laevior Cope, 1894
- Hisonotus leucofrenatus A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908
- Hisonotus leucophrys T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
- Hisonotus luteofrenatus Britski & Garavello, 2007 [6]
- Hisonotus maculipinnis Regan, 1912
- Hisonotus megaloplax T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
- Hisonotus montanus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
- Hisonotus nigricauda Boulenger, 1891
- Hisonotus notatus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
- Hisonotus notopagos T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
- Hisonotus oliveirai Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014 [8]
- Hisonotus paresi Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014 [8]
- Hisonotus paulinus Regan, 1908
- Hisonotus piracanjuba Martins & Langeani, 2012 [9]
- Hisonotus prata T .P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
- Hisonotus ringueleti Aquino, Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001
- Hisonotus taimensis Buckup, 1981
- Hisonotus vespuccii Roxo, G. S. C. Silva & C. de Oliveira, 2015 [10]
- Hisonotus vireo T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
Distribution
Hisonotus species mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay-Paraná system of southern South America.[2] They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil.[11]
Description
Species of Hisonotus are the only representatives of the tribe Otothyrini having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine.[2]
Ecology
Hisonotus species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants.[11]
References
- ↑ Andreata, A.A., Oliveira, C. & Foresti, F. (2006). "Karyological characterization of four Neotropical fish species of the genus Hisonotus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from distinct Brazilian river basins" (PDF). Genetics and Molecular Biology, 29 (1): 62–66.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Aquino, A.E., Schaefer, S.A. & Miquelarena, A.M. (2001). "A New Species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) of the Upper Río Uruguay Basin" (PDF). American Museum Novitates, (3333): 1–12.
- ↑ Silva, G.S.C., Roxo, F. & Oliveira, C. (2014): Hisonotus acuen, a new and phenotypically variable cascudinho (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil. ZooKeys, 442: 105–125.
- ↑ Roxo, F.F., Silva, G.S.C., Oliveira, C. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2013): Hisonotus bocaiuva, a new species from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Loricariidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4) [2012]: 319-326.
- ↑ Carvalho, M. & Datovo, A. (2012): A New Species of Cascudinho of the Genus Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Upper Rio Tapajós Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 2012 (2): 266-275.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Britski, H.A. & Garavello, J.C. (2007). "Description of two new sympatric species of the genus Hisonotus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, from upper Rio Tapajos, Mato Grosso state, Brazil (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Loricariidae)". Brazilian Journal of Biology, 67 (3): 413–420.
- ↑ Azpelicueta, M.M., Almirón, A.E., Casciotta, J.R. & Koerber, S. (2007). "Hisonotus hungy sp. n. (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) a new species from arroyo Tirica, Misiones, Argentina". Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114 (3): 591–598.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Roxo, F., Zawadzki, C. & Troy, W. (2014): Description of two new species of Hisonotus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Ostariophysi, Loricariidae) from the rio Paraná-Paraguay basin, Brazil. ZooKeys, 395: 57–78.
- ↑ Martins, F.O. & Langeani, F. (2012): Hisonotus piracanjuba, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranaíba, upper rio Paraná system, central Brazil. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 29-36.
- ↑ Roxo, F., Silva, G.d.C. & Oliveira, C. (2015). "A new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from rio São Francisco basin, Brazil". ZooKeys, 498: 127–143.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Britski, H.A. & Garavello, J.C. (2003). "Hisonotus insperatus: New Species, from the Upper Rio Paraná Basin (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Loricariidae)". Copeia, 2003 (3): 588–593.