Hiệp Hòa

Hiệp Hòa
Emperor of Vietnam
Reign	Vietnam: 1883
Predecessor	Emperor Dục Đức
Successor	Emperor Kiến Phúc
Dynasty	Nguyễn Dynasty
Born	1 November 1847
Died	29 November 1883
Signature	[[File:|125px|alt=|Hiệp Hòa's signature]]

Emperor Hiệp Hòa, also known as Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Dật, was the sixth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn Dynasty and reigned for four months (30 July 1883 – 29 November 1883).

He was a younger brother and adopted son of Emperor Tự Đức. After his nephew (and adoptive half-brother) Dục Đức was deposed by court officials following a three-day reign in 1883 he reasserted the family's claim on the throne.^[1] However he presided over his nation's defeat by the French navy at the Battle of Thuận An in August 1883, and on 25 August 1883 he signed a treaty which made Vietnam a protectorate of France, ending Vietnam's independence. For this, he was deposed and forced by officials to commit suicide.^[2][3]

References

1. ↑ Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker Historical Dictionary of Vietnam 2010 -Page 154 "A younger brother and adopted son of Emperor Tự Đức, he succeeded his nephew Dục Đức after the latter was deposed by court officials in 1883. Hiệp Hòa attempted to wrest power back from these officials, but he was not strong enough and he, in turn, was deposed and forced to commit suicide after a ..."
2. ↑ Chapuis, Oscar (2000). The last emperors of Vietnam : from Tu Duc to Bao Dai. Westport, Conn., USA: Greenwood Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-313-31170-3. OCLC 231866735. 
3. ↑ Corfield, Justin J. (2008). The history of Vietnam. Westport, Conn., USA: Greenwood Press. pp. xvii, 22–23. ISBN 978-0-313-34193-9. OCLC 182857138.