Hezbollah Al-Hejaz
| Hezbollah Al-Hejaz حزب الله الحجاز | |
|---|---|
|
Hezbollah Al-Hejaz Logo | |
| Dates of operation | 1987 - 1989 |
| Leader(s) |
Ahmed Ibrahim Al-Mughassil Abdelkarim Hussein Mohamed Al-Nasser |
| Motives | To overthrow the Saudi regime, establishment of an Islamic Republic in the Arabian Peninsula after the Iranian model. |
| Active region(s) | Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait |
| Ideology | Shi'a Islamism |
Hezbollah Al-Hejaz (Arabic: حزب الله الحجاز, English: Party of God in the Hijaz) is or was a militant organization operating in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain. Hizbollah in the Hijaz (Saudi Hizbollah) is a Shi‘i organization founded in May 1987 in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province.[1][2] It is pro-Khomeini as opposed to the pro-Shirazi ‘Organization of the Islamic Revolution’ [munazzamat al-thawra al-islamiyya] (OIR).[3] It is outlawed in Saudi Arabia, being designated as a terrorist organization by the kingdom's government on 7 March 2014.[4]
Alleged terror attacks
The Saudi Hizbollah is believed to have been responsible for a number of serious attacks in Saudi Arabia in the second half of the 1980s, including the August 1987 bombing of an Eastern Province gas plant and the March 1988 bombing of oil installations at Ras Tanura and Jubail, as well as a series of bombings in Riyadh in 1985 and 1989. Some have also suspected organized domestic Shiite involvement in the Hajj Riots in Mecca in July 1987 in which more than 400 people died after Saudi police cracked down on demonstrating Iranian pilgrims. Questions also shroud the June 1996 Khobar Towers bombing, which was officially blamed on the Hizbollah of the Hijaz. The group may have wanted to assert its disapproval of the 1993 reconciliation between the Saudi Government and the OIR, and may have received operational assistance from the Lebanese Hezbollah. Some observers have disputed this assessment and argued that the operation was carried out by al-Qaida, while others have said that on balance, the available evidence suggests Shiite responsibility.[3]
Several of its members are wanted in the United States for their part in the 1996 Khobar Towers bombing.[5] The group is also charged by the FBI[6] with its participants Ahmed Al Mughassil, Ali Al Houri, Hani Al Sayegh, Ibrahim Al Yacoub, Abdelkarim Al Nasser, Mustafa Al Qassab, Abdallah Al Jarash, Hussein Al Mughis and a Lebanese "John Doe." Five more members are wanted on conspiracy indictments: Sa'ed Al Bahar, Saleh Ramadan, Ali Al Marhoun, Mustafa Al Mu'alem, and Fadel Al Alawe.
References
- ↑ Jones, Toby (3 June 2009). "Embattled in Arabia. Shi‘is and the Politics of Confrontation in Saudi Arabia". Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ↑ Matthiesen, Toby (Spring 2010). "Hizbullah al-Hijaz: A History of The Most Radical Saudi Shi‘a Opposition Group". The Middle East Journal 64 (2): 179–197. doi:10.3751/64.2.11. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hegghammer, Thomas (2009). "Jihad, Yes, But Not Revolution: Explaining the Extraversion of Islamist Violence in Saudi Arabia". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 36 (3): 395–496. doi:10.1080/13530190903338938. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ↑ Nancy A. Youssef and Adam Baron (7 March 2014). "Saudi Arabia declares Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist group". Kansas City Star. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ FBI statement on the Khobar Towers bombings 21 June 2001
- ↑ FBI copy of the indictments FBI