Heritage of Xiguan

National Cultural Heritages (National historic sites and cultural objects under state protection)

There are two Major Sites Protected at the National Level in Xiguan:

• Architectural complex on Shamian Island (Chinese: 沙面建築群)
• Chen Clan Academy (Chinese: 陳家祠)

Chan Clan Academy

Main article:Chen Clan Academy

陳家祠(Chen Clan Ancestral Hall)，又稱陳氏書院(Chen Clan Academy)，於清光緒十六年(1890年)興建，由黎巨林設計，以其"三雕、三塑、一鑄鐵"而著稱，號稱"百粵冠祠"。

始建時用作廣東各縣陳氏子弟來省城應科舉時學習及住宿場所，也是祭祀祖宗的宗祠。

陳家祠坐落北朝南，為三進院落式佈局，由9座廳堂、6個院落、10座廂房和長廊巷組成。主體建築占地6400平方米，寬80米、深80米，以"三進三路九堂兩廂杪"佈設。

穿插六院八廊，全院的門、窗、屏、牆、欄、梁架、屋脊等處均有精美的各式木雕、石雕、磚雕、灰塑、陶塑、銅鐵鑄等藝術品。

主體建築正門兩邊的外牆上，6幅大型磚雕梁山聚義、梧桐杏柳鳳凰群等。

尤具特色的還有第二進後側長廊上的柚木屏門雙面鏤雕，分別雕有歷代歷史故事和民間傳說"三顧茅廬"、"赤壁之戰"等20幅木雕，被讚譽為"木刻鋼刀雕就的中國歷史故事長廊"。

中路一、二進間的院子內有石欄杆鑲嵌的鐵鑄雙通花欄板"金玉滿堂"、"三羊啟泰" 。

郭沫若曾賦詩讚美陳家祠的建築藝術："天工人可代，人工天不如。果然造世界，勝讀十年書。"

陳氏書院是全國重點文物保護單位，1996年被評為"廣州十大旅遊美景"之首。

Provincial Cultural Heritages (provincial historic sites and cultural objects under protection)

The are 3 Provincial Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:

• Guangya Academy (Chinese: 廣雅書院)
• Guangdong Postal Building (Chinese: 廣東郵務大樓)
• Guangdong Customs House (Chinese: 粵海關大樓)

Municipal Cultural Heritages (municipal historic sites and cultural objects under protection)

The are 13 Municipal Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:

• Hall of the Arhats in Hualin Temple (Chinese: 華林寺羅漢堂)
• Martyrs Memorial Monument of Shaji Massacre (Chinese: 沙基慘案烈士紀念碑)
• Renwei Temple (Chinese: 仁威廟)
• Old pawnshop on Huagui Lu (Chinese: 華貴路舊當鋪)
• Taihua Building (Chinese: 泰華樓)
• Xiguan Residences (Chinese: 西關大屋建築)
• Archaeological site of Barbican and West City Gate of Guangzhou in Ming Dynasty (Ximenkou or West Gate) (Chinese: 廣州明代西城門甕城遺址(西門口))
• Jinlun Guild Hall (Chinese: 錦綸會館)
• Nanfang Building (or Nanfang Mansion) (Chinese: 南方大廈)
• Old pawnshop on Zhongshan Qilu (Chinese: 中山七路舊當鋪)
• Old residential buildings (Chinese: 舊民居建築)
• Huang Baojian's stone house (Chinese: 黃寶堅石屋)
• Five-mouthed Wells (Chinese: 五眼井)

Hualin Temple

Hualin Temple (Chinese: 華林寺; pinyin: Huálín Sì; Jyutping: Waa4 Lam4 Zi2) is located in Hualinsi Qianjie (Chinese: 華林寺前街; pinyin: Huálínsì Qiánjiē; Jyutping: Waa4 Lam4 Zi2 Cin4 Gaai1; literally: "Hualin Temple Frontstreet"), Xilai Chudi (Chinese: 西來初地; pinyin: Xīlái Chūdì; Jyutping: Sai1 Loi4 Co1 Dei6-2; literally: "The first place where a monk from the West (i.e., Bodhidharma) arrived"), Xiajiu Lu (Chinese: 下九路; pinyin: Xiàjiǔ Lù; Jyutping: Haa6 Gau2 Lou6; literally: "Lower 9th Rd."). Its predecessor was Xilai Buddhist Convent (Chinese: 西來庵; pinyin: Xīlái Ān; Jyutping: Sai1 Loi4 Am1), set up during Emperor Wu of Liang (Chinese: 梁武帝) years (20s, 6th century), Southern and Northern Dynasties (Chinese: 南北朝) by an Indian eminent monk, Bodhidharma (Chinese: 達摩), after he set up an altar to preach Buddhism. In 1655 (12th year of Shunzhi Emperor (Chinese: 順治帝), Qing Dynasty), Zen Master Zongfu (Chinese: 宗符禪師) initiated its rehabilitation and changed its name to Hualin Temple. There used to be an Gilded Ashoka Pagoda (Chinese: 阿育王塔) and 500 Arhats' statues (Chinese: 五百羅漢像) but some of them were destroyed afterwards.

Renwei temple

仁威廟位於龍津西路仁威廟前街，舊泮塘鄉內，占地2200平方米，供奉道教真武帝。初建時稱北帝廟。是當時泮塘恩洲十八鄉最古老和最大的廟字。仁威廟始建于宋代皇佑四年(1052年)於明代天啟二年(1622年)、清代乾隆年間(1736年-1795年)和同治年間(1862年-1874年)有過較大規模的維修。

Jinlun Guild Hall

位於下九路西來新街21號，占地面積700平方米，始建于清雍正元年，有近300年的歷史，是座祠堂式的三進深磚木結構的建築，鍋耳屋的外觀，現館內保留有木雕、磚雕、陶塑、碑刻等。綿綸會館是廣州絲織業(即"錦綸行")的行業公會，是目前廣州市唯一的行業會館，是近代中國資本主義萌芽的見證。

廣州紡織業起步較早，到明清時已臻成熟，錦綸會館印證了廣州市紡織業的繁榮。廣州全盛期擁有紡織手工業工人3、4萬人之多，而所產絲織品因質地精美而為海外和國內青睞，雍正年間的廣東通志載："粵緞之質密而勻，其色鮮華，光輝滑澤——金陵，蘇杭皆不及"。現廣州博物館仍藏有數匹當時廣州產的彩緞。廣州紡織業的手工業工人，後來發展成近代的工人階級。

Five-mouthed Wells

Five-mouthed Wells (Chinese: 五眼井; pinyin: Wǔyǎn Jǐng; Jyutping: Ng5 Ngaan5 Zeng2), alternatively known as (Chinese: 五眼泉; pinyin: Wǔyǎn Quán; Jyutping: Ng5 Ngaan5 Cyun4), lie next to Hualin Temple.

Taihua Building

Taihua Building (Chinese: 泰華樓; pinyin: Tàihuá Loú; Jyutping: Taai3 Waa4 Lau4) is located at No.27, Duobao Fang (Chinese: 多寶坊; pinyin: Duōbǎo Fāng; Jyutping: Do1 Bou2 Fong1; literally: "Treasure Lane"), Enning Lu. It used to be the study of Li Wentian (Chinese: 李文田), the Tanhua (Chinese: 探花; pinyin: Tànhuā; Jyutping: Taam3 Faa1; literally: "No.3 in national civil examinations in feudal China or the 3rd place in imperial examination or No.3 scholar") during Xianfeng Emperor (Chinese: 咸豐帝) years, Qing Dynasty. The building had a collection of 100 thousand books, some of which were lost during Second Sino-Japanese War (Chinese: 抗日戰爭). Moreover, some of the calligraphy works and paintings were taken away during Cultural Revolution (Chinese: 文化大革命).

Registered Cultural Heritages (registered historic sites and cultural objects under protection)

The are 11 Registered Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:^[1]

• Wen Tower (Chinese: 文塔)
• Liang Clan Ancestral Hall (Chinese: 梁家祠)
• Stele at Qinghao Archaic office of Wenlan Academy (Chinese: 文瀾書院清濠公所石碑)
• Stele at Permanent Senate of Senior Official Lu who initiated Yue (Guangdong) (Chinese: 開越陸大夫駐節故址碑)
• Taotaoju Tea House (Chinese: 陶陶居)
• Lianxianglou Tea House (Chinese: 蓮香樓)
• Taying Building (Chinese: 塔影樓)
• Former site of Lingnan Institute of Art & Literature (Chinese: 嶺南藝苑舊址)
• Guangzhou Restaurant (Chinese: 廣州酒家)
• Panxi Restaurant (Chinese: 泮溪酒家)
• Xiehe Hall (Chinese: 協和堂)

Wen Tower

With a height of 13 meters, the Wen Tower (Chinese: 文塔; pinyin: Wéntǎ; Jyutping: Man4 Taap8; literally: "Pagoda of the God of Culture and Literature") stands in Pantang (Chinese: 泮塘; pinyin: Pàntáng; Jyutping: Bun6-3 Tong4-2; literally: "Half Pond"), which used to be the flowery orchard of King Liu (Chinese: 劉王; pinyin: Liúwáng; Jyutping: Lau4 Wong4) in Southern Han (Chinese: 南漢; pinyin: Nánhàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hon3). It was built to enshrine and worship Wenqu Xing (Chinese: 文曲星; pinyin: Wénq Xng; Jyutping: Man4 Kuk7 Sing1; literally: "God of Culture and Literature or scientifically Delta Ursae Majoris") sometime between Mid-Ming Period and Early Qing.

Heritages preservation measures

Cultural Heritages Management Office of Liwan District (Chinese: 荔灣區文物管理所) was founded in 1998.

The Cultural Heritages Preservation Liaison System among the District, Subdistricts and residential communities (Chinese: 區、街道、社區三級文物保護聯絡制度) was founded in 2001.

Liwan Government had invested funds of totally 59.383 million RMB yuan to preserve cultural heritages by 2001.

References