Herbert Hoover Supreme Court candidates

During his only term in office, President Herbert Hoover appointed three members of the Supreme Court of the United States: Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, and Associate Justices Owen Roberts and Benjamin Cardozo. Additionally, with his failed nomination of John J. Parker, Hoover became the first president since Grover Cleveland to have a Supreme Court nomination rejected by the United States Senate.

Charles Evans Hughes nomination

Chief Justice William Howard Taft retired on February 3, 1930, and the same day Hoover nominated former Associate Justice Charles Evans Hughes to fill the vacancy. Evans was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 13, 1930 by a vote of 52-26.[1]

Owen Roberts nomination

Associate Justice Edward T. Sanford died on March 8, 1930. On March 21, 1930, Hoover nominated John J. Parker to fill the vacancy. Parker's nomination came under fire from organized labor and the NAACP,[2] and was rejected by the United States Senate on May 7, 1930 by a vote of 39-41.[1] Hoover moved quickly to name a replacement and nominated Philadelphia attorney Owen Roberts on May 9, 1930. Roberts garnered widespread support due to his role in prosecuting the Teapot Dome scandal,[2] and he was confirmed by the Senate on May 20, 1930 by a voice vote.[1]

Benjamin Cardozo nomination

In 1932, Justice Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes retired from the Court. Hoover was immediately pressured on a number of fronts to appoint highly esteemed New York judge Benjamin N. Cardozo to the vacancy. The entire faculty of the University of Chicago Law School, as well as the deans of the law schools at Harvard, Yale, and Columbia. Justice Harlan Fiske Stone also strongly urged Hoover to name Cardozo, even offering to resign to make room for him if Hoover had his heart set on someone else (Stone had in fact suggested to Calvin Coolidge that he should nominate Cardozo rather than himself back in 1925).[3] Hoover, however, originally demurred: there were already two justices from New York, and a Jew on the court; in addition, Justice James McReynolds was a notorious anti-Semite. When the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, William E. Borah of Idaho, added his strong support for Cardozo, however, Hoover finally bowed to the pressure, and nominated Cardozo on February 15, 1932.[1]

The New York Times said of Cardozo's appointment that "seldom, if ever, in the history of the Court has an appointment been so universally commended."[4] Democratic Cardozo's appointment by a Republican president has been referred to as one of the few Supreme Court appointments in history not motivated by partisanship or politics, but strictly based on the nominee's contribution to law.[5] However, Hoover was running for re-election, eventually against Franklin D. Roosevelt, so a larger political calculation may have been operating.

Cardozo was confirmed by a unanimous voice vote in the Senate on February 24, 1932.[1][6] On a radio broadcast on March 1, 1932, the day of Cardozo's confirmation, Clarence C. Dill, Democratic Senator for Washington, called Hoover's appointment of Cardozo "the finest act of his career as President".[7]

Names mentioned

Following is a list of individuals who were mentioned in various news accounts and books as having been considered by Hoover for a Supreme Court appointment:

United States Supreme Court (elevation to Chief Justice)

United States Courts of Appeals

State Supreme Courts

Other backgrounds

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Supreme Court Nominations, 1789-present, senate.gov.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Tomlins, Christopher. The United States Supreme Court: The Pursuit of Justice. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-32969-4.
  3. ↑ (Handler, 1995)
  4. ↑ "Cardozo is named to Supreme Court". New York Times. 1932-02-16.
  5. ↑ James Taranto, Leonard Leo (2004). Presidential Leadership. Wall Street Journal Books. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  6. ↑ (New York Times, February 25, 1932, p. 1)
  7. ↑ (New York Times, March 2, 1932, p. 13)
  8. ↑ Morris, Jeffrey Brandon. Establishing Justice in Middle America: A History of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-4816-0.