Heckler & Koch G36

H&K G36 (Gewehr36)

The H&K G36 rifle
Type Assault rifle
Place of origin Germany
Service history
In service 1995–present
Used by 40+ countries (see Users)
Wars
Production history
Designed 1990–1994
Manufacturer Heckler & Koch
Produced 1995–present
Variants See Variants
Specifications
Weight G36: 3.63 kg (8.00 lb)
G36V: 3.33 kg (7.3 lb)
G36K: 3.30 kg (7.3 lb)
G36KV: 3.0 kg (6.6 lb)
G36C: 2.82 kg (6.2 lb)
MG36: 3.83 kg (8.4 lb)
MG36E: 3.50 kg (7.7 lb)
Length G36, G36V, MG36, MG36E: 999 mm (39.3 in) stock extracted / 758 mm (29.8 in) stock folded
G36K, G36KV: 860 mm (33.9 in) stock extended / 615 mm (24.2 in) stock folded
G36C: 720 mm (28.3 in) stock extended / 500 mm (19.7 in) stock folded
Barrel length G36, G36V, MG36, MG36E: 480 mm (18.9 in)
G36K, G36KV: 318 mm (12.5 in)
G36C: 228 mm (9.0 in)
Width 64 mm (2.5 in)
Height G36, G36K, MG36: 320 mm (12.6 in)
G36V, G36KV, MG36E: 285 mm (11.2 in)
G36C: 278 mm (10.9 in)
Cartridge 5.56×45mm NATO
Action Short-stroke piston, rotating bolt
Rate of fire 750 rounds/min cyclic
Muzzle velocity G36, G36V, MG36, MG36E: 920 m/s (3,018 ft/s)
G36K, G36KV: 850 m/s (2,788.7 ft/s)
Effective firing range 800 metres (870 yd), 200–600 m sight adjustment
Feed system 30-round detachable box magazine or 100-round C-Mag drum magazine
Sights Reflex sight with 1x magnification, telescopic sight with 3x magnification (export version has a 1.5x magnified sight) and back-up fixed notch sight

The Heckler & Koch G36 is a 5.56×45mm assault rifle, designed in the early 1990s by Heckler & Koch (H&K) in Germany as a replacement for the heavier 7.62mm G3 battle rifle.[1] It was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr in 1995, replacing the G3.[2] The G36 is gas-operated and feeds from a 30-round detachable box magazine or 100-round C-Mag drum magazine.[1]

Because of severe problems with overheating and lack of accuracy German defence minister Ursula von der Leyen announced on 22 April 2015 that the G36 has 'no future in the German army in its current state of construction' , and that a replacement must be found. She did however not exclude the possibility of the army adopting a new version of the G36.[3]


History

Development

Work on a successor for the venerable G3 rifle had been ongoing in Germany since the second half of the 1970s. These efforts resulted in the innovative 4.73mm G11 assault rifle (developed jointly by a group of companies led by H&K), that used caseless ammunition (designed by the Dynamit Nobel company). It had been predicted that this weapon would eventually replace the G3, therefore further development of H&K's series of firearms chambered for the 5.56x45mm NATO cartridge had been halted. Heckler & Koch, having no incentive to pursue a new 5.56mm weapon system, was content with the export-oriented HK33 and G41 rifles. However, the G11 program came to an abrupt end when the Bundeswehr canceled its procurement due to defense budget cuts after the unification of East and West Germany and H&K was acquired in 1991 by British Aerospace's Royal Ordnance division (known today as BAE Systems).

Increasing interest in Germany for a modern service rifle chambered for the NATO-standard 5.56mm cartridge led H&K to offer the German armed forces the G41 rifle, which, too, was rejected. Design work was then initiated from the ground up on a modern 5.56mm assault rifle designated "Project 50" or HK50.[2] The prototype was then trialed, where it was rated higher than the rival Austrian Steyr AUG system.[2] The final version of the G36 was completed in 1994. Production of the G36 began in 1995.

Production

The HK50 rifle was selected for service and an initial order was placed for 33,000 rifles under the Bundeswehr designation Gewehr G36. The order also involved an option for a further 17,000 rifles. Deliveries were first made to the Bundeswehr's NATO Quick Reaction Force during the fourth quarter of 1995. The G36's production line began in early 1995.

In July 1998, it was announced that the G36 had been selected as the standard rifle for the Spanish Armed Forces, replacing the 5.56mm CETME Model L and LC rifles.[4] Deliveries first took place at the end of 1999. These rifles are manufactured in Spain under license by General Dynamics Santa Bárbara Sistemas at the FACOR (Fábrica de Armas de la Coruña) facility, in Corunna, Galicia.

In addition, the rifle has been licensed for local production in Saudi Arabia.[5] The manufacturer in the country is the Military Industries Corporation.[6] Technology transfer was granted by Germany to Saudi Arabia on June 30, 2008[7][8] The first Saudi-made G36 was made at MIC's factory on June 30, 2009.[8] However, some components of their own G36s are supplied by Heckler & Koch.[7]

Design details

German Bundeswehr land force soldiers deployed with G36s
A German infantryman stands at the ready with his G36 during a practice exercise with US troops

The G36 is a selective fire 5.56mm assault rifle, firing from a closed rotary bolt. The G36 has a conventional layout and a modular component design. Common to all variants of the G36 family are: the receiver and buttstock assembly, bolt carrier group with bolt and the return mechanism and guide rod. The receiver contains the barrel, carry handle with integrated sights, trigger group with pistol grip, handguard and magazine socket.

The G36 employs a free-floating barrel (the barrel does not contact the handguard). The barrel is fastened to the receiver with a special nut, which can be removed with a wrench. The barrel is produced using a cold hammer forging process and features a chrome-lined bore with 6 right-hand grooves and a 1 in 178 mm (1:7 in) rifling twist rate. The barrel assembly consists of the gas block, a collar with a bayonet lug that is also used to launch rifle grenades and a slotted flash suppressor.

The weapon can be stripped and re-assembled without tools through a system of cross-pins similar to that used on earlier HK designs. For cleaning purposes, the G36 dismantles into the following groups: receiver housing, return mechanism, bolt carrier group and trigger group.

Features

G36 Carbine with two magazines held together jungle style.
A standard German Bundeswehr G36 with bipod and a Beta C-Mag drum magazine

Fire selector

The fire and safety selector is ambidextrous and has controls on both sides of the receiver; the selector settings are described with letters: “S”—safe ("Sicher"), “E”—semi-automatic fire ("Einzelfeuer") and “F”—continuous fire ("Feuerstoß").[2] The weapon safety disables the trigger when engaged. HK also offers several other trigger options, including the so-called “Marine” trigger group, with settings analogous to the standard trigger, but the selector positions have been illustrated with pictograms. A semi-automatic only trigger unit (lacks the “F” setting) is also available. An integrated, manual safety mechanism prevents accidental firing (this is an improved trigger group from the G3 rifle).

Magazine

The G36 feeds from proprietary 30-round curved magazines very similar to those of the Swiss SIG 550 with cartridges loaded in a staggered pattern. The magazines are molded from a high-strength translucent polymer and can be clipped together using built-in coupling studs into 2 or 3-magazine packs allowing up to five magazines to be carried side-by-side on the rifle (Jungle style) ready for rapid magazine changes. The magazines are not compatible with NATO-standard STANAG magazines, as introduced in the M16. However, the G36 can use a magazine adapter that will accept STANAG magazines.[9] The G36 can also use Beta C-Mag drum magazines (produced by Beta Company) that have a 100-round cartridge capacity and are intended to be used primarily with the MG36 light support weapon.

Stock

The MG36 variant is equipped with a side-folding skeletonized stock and a detachable folding bipod, which folds into recesses in the handguard. The G36 can be fired with the stock collapsed.[2] The underside of the butt-stock has holes into which assembly pins can be placed during weapon cleaning and maintenance.

Material

The G36 employs a large number of lightweight, corrosion-resistant synthetic materials in its design; the receiver housing, stock, trigger group (including the fire control selector and firing mechanism parts), magazine well, handguard and carry handle are all made of a carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide. The receiver has an integrated steel barrel trunnion (with locking recesses) and the reciprocating parts move on steel rails molded into the receiver (this feature was issued a US patent, number 5513461, authored by Helmut Weldle).

Sights

Dual combat sighting system ZF 3x4° as used on German G36A1 assault rifles
Optical sight reticle pattern (click for description)

The standard German Army versions of the G36 are equipped with a ZF 3x4° dual optical sight that combines a 3x magnified telescopic sight (with the main reticule designed for firing at 200 m and bullet drop compensation markings for: 200, 400, 600 and 800 m crosshairs and a range-finding scale) and an unmagnified reflex sight (calibrated for firing at 100 m) mounted on top of the telescopic sight.[2] The reflex sight is illuminated by ambient light during the day and uses battery powered illumination for use at night. Electric illumination is activated automatically by a built in photo sensor and can be manually activated to boost the brightness of the reticle in daytime low contrast situations.[10]

The export versions have a single telescopic sight with a 1.5x magnification and an aiming reticule fixed at 300 m. All rifles are adapted to use the Hensoldt NSA 80 third-generation night sight, which clamps into the G36 carry handle adapter in front of the optical sight housing and mates with the rifle's standard optical sight.[11] The sighting bridge also functions as a carrying handle and features auxiliary open sights molded on top of the handle that consist of a forward blade and rear notch, but these can only be used with the reflex sight removed, as in the G36V. The optical sight system is produced by Hensoldt AG (a subsidiary of Carl Zeiss AG).

Operating mechanism

U.S. Army soldiers crosstrain with G36s in Kosovo
Albanian soldier with G36 as part of EUFOR Althea in BiH

The G36 is a gas-operated weapon that uses burnt powder gases from the barrel, bled through a vent near the muzzle which transmits the gas thrust to the bolt carrier, providing automation to the moving assembly; it fires from a closed bolt position. The weapon uses a self-regulating spring-buffered short-stroke gas piston system (the rifle has no gas valve).[2] The rotary bolt features 7 radial locking lugs and its rotation is controlled by a cam pin guided inside a camming guide cut-out in the bolt carrier. The bolt also houses a spring-loaded casing extractor and an ejector.

The bolt is automatically locked to the rear when the last round is expended, but the bolt catch can be deactivated. The bolt catch button is located at the forward end of the trigger guard. The spring-loaded folding cocking handle extends forward in line with the barrel of the rifle (it is located on top of the receiver, under the carry handle). It can be swung to either side of the receiver, depending on whether the user is right or left-handed and is locked when pressed inward. When locked at a perpendicular angle to the receiver, the handle can be used as a forward assist to force the bolt into battery, or to extract a stuck cartridge casing (the cocking handle's design is protected in the US by patent number 5821445, by Manfred Guhring).[12][13]

Spent cartridge casings are ejected through a port located on the right side of the receiver. A brass deflector keeps cases from striking left-handed operators in the face. There is no ejection port cover as the bolt closes the ejection port to particulates when it is forward. The weapon features a hammer-type striking mechanism.

Accessories

The rifle can be fitted with a 40 mm AG36 (AG—Anbau-Granatwerfer) under-barrel grenade launcher, which is a breech-loaded break-action weapon with a side-tilting barrel.

Standard equipment supplied with the G36 includes: spare magazines, a cleaning and maintenance kit, sling, speed-loading device and an AK-74 blade bayonet (many of which are left over in Germany from stocks of the former National People's Army).

Overheating

In April 2012, reports surfaced that G36 rifles used in Afghanistan would overheat during prolonged firefights after several hundred rounds were fired. Overheating affected the accuracy of the G36, making it difficult to hit targets past 100 meters, ineffective past 200 meters, and incapable of effective fire past 300 meters. The G36 has been called unsuitable for long battles. HK said the rifle was not designed for sustained, continuous fire. German soldiers gave no negative feedback. Operational commanders advised allowing the weapon to cool between periods of rapid shooting.[14][15][16] In February 2014, the Federal Ministry of Defence announced that the overheating deficiencies of the G36 was not a result of weapon design, but of the ammunition. The manufacturer of the ammunition confirmed this,[17] although experts disagreed.[18]

A report by the Bundeswehr on February 21, 2014, revealed that the issues were not the fault of the rifle, but that one manufacturer of ammunition was making bullets with copper plated jackets that were too thin.[19][20]

On June 22, 2014, it was reported that Germany’s defense ministry has temporarily halted new orders worth €34 million ($46 million) over accuracy concerns for the rifle. The Bundeswehr consulted the Ernst Mach Institut and the Federal Criminal Police Office. [21][22]

On March 30, 2015, Minister of Defence Ursula von der Leyen told the Associate Press that the weight-saving design is the root of the issues.[23] This is based on a letter from Inspector General Volker Wieker advising the Stewards of Defence and Budget Committee of the Bundestag and the troops in advance of the publication of the report.[24][25]

On April 22, 2015, von der Leyen announced that the G36 would be phased out due to these concerns.[26]

Variants

A G36KV as delivered to the Latvian Army. It is configured with a telescopic stock and a Picatinny sight rail
G36A2 with a Zeiss RSA reflex sight and an AG36 grenade launcher on display as part of Germany's IdZ modernization program
A G36C, equipped with Aimpoint CompM4 red dot sight in the hands of a Malaysian Navy PASKAL commando. It is configured with birdcage flash suppressor, a carrying handle with an integrated MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rail and a buttstock short with cheek rest.

Sporting models

Based on the G36, Heckler & Koch also created the semi-automatic SL8 rifle and the straight-pull, bolt-action R8, which are offered to the civilian sport shooting markets. The SL8 is substantially different from the G36, it has a modified receiver and a thumbhole stock with a cheek rest, which is integral with the trigger group. The SL8 has a heavy profile, extended, 510 mm (20.1 in) barrel that does not have a flash hider or bayonet lug. The rifle uses a 10-round single-stack magazine and an extended top rail used to mount a wide variety of Picatinny-standard optics. Mounted to the rail are a set of iron sights with a hooded foresight and adjustable flip rear aperture. The SL8 can also mount the G36 carry handle and integrated sight assembly, after removing the mechanical iron sights. The SL8 has an unloaded weight of 4.3 kg, overall length of 980–1030 mm and a trigger rated at 20 N.

In November 2013, Heckler & Koch applied for permission from the German Government to sell a new civilian-legal version of the G36. Called the HK243 in Europe and the HK293 in America, it is more similar to the G36 assault rifle than previous civilian models. The main difference is the bolt is redesigned to not allow a conversion to fully automatic fire. It has quad picatinny rails and accepts STANAG magazines. Four different barrel lengths from 8.9 in (230 mm) to 18.8 in (480 mm) and four stock models (short fixed, long fixed, and two adjustable) will be offered.[29]

Users

Country Organization name Model Quantity Date Reference
 Albania Special Operations Battalion (Albania) G36C 350 2007
 Australia Australian Federal Police Specialist Response Group G36C _ _ [30][31]
 Belgium Antwerp local police special squad BBT (Bijzondere Bijstandsteam) _ _ _ [32]
 Brazil Brazilian Federal Police G36K
G36C		 _ _ [33]
 Canada Victoria Police Department G36 ~100 2004 [34]
 Croatia Croatian police special units _ 300 2004 [35][36]
Croatian Armed Forces contingents in international operations _ 550 2007
 Czech Republic Police of Czech republic: URNA – Rapid Reaction Unit, KZJ – District response units, SPJ – Special riot units, PMJ – Emergency motorized units G36C
G36K		 _ _ [37]
 Denmark Politiets Aktionsstyrke G36C _ _ [38][39]
 Egypt Used by special forces and police, 608+
Some later to Libyan Jamahiriya, see below		 _ 2003 [40]
 Finland Finnish Border Guard G36C _ _ [41]
Finnish Police _ _
 France French Army G36E _ _ [42][43]
Groupes d'Intervention de la Police Nationale _ _
 Germany Standard service rifle of the Bundeswehr G36A1
G36A2
G36K
G36C		 176,544 delivered, 166,619 in use _ [44][45][46]
Bundespolizei _ _ _ [47]
 Georgia Police special forces: Central Anti Crime Division, Special Crisis Unit, Special Operations Department, Coast Guard Anti piracy Unit G36K/C/E/A _ _ [48]
 Hong Kong Special Duties Unit of the Hong Kong Police Force G36KV _ 2001 [49]
 Iceland National Police of Iceland and its special forces unit Víkingasveitin _ _ _ [50]
 Iraqi Kurdistan Peshmerga _ 8,000 supplied by Germany 2014 [51]
 Indonesia Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group of the Indonesian Army G36C _ _ [52]
 Italy NOCS team of the Italian Police G36C _ _ [53]
 Japan Japan Ground Self-Defense Force G36 _ 2014 [54]
 Jordan Jordanian special forces (Counter-Terrorism Battalion 71) G36C _ _ [55][56]
 Kosovo Kosovo Security Force G36V 1,275 2010 [57][58]
 Latvia Latvian Army G36KV _ 2006 [59][60]
 Lebanon Lebanese Armed Forces, Internal Security Forces G36C3 250 2008 [61]
Libya Libyan Jamahiriya
Libya Libya (Anti-Gaddafi forces)		 Unclear (unit based in Tripoli; special forces/Khamis Brigade?). Weapons are from a batch legally sold to Egypt in 2003. G36KV
G36E		 "numerous"
Probably <600		 2003–2005? [40][62][63]
[64][65]
Tripoli Brigade (looted from Bab al-Azizia arms store) 2011 [62]

[66]

 Lithuania Lithuanian Armed Forces. G36KA4
G36KV1		 _ _ [67]
 Malaysia Pasukan Khas Laut (PASKAL) Maritime Counter-Terrorism Forces of the Royal Malaysian Navy G36E
G36KE
G36C		 _ 2010 [68][69][70][71]
Pasukan Gerakan Khas Counter-Revolutionary Warfare of the Royal Malaysia Police G36C _ [68]
 Mexico Various Mexican law enforcement agencies use the G36, namely the Mexican Federal Police and many state and city police forces G36 Family _ _ [72]
 Mongolia Mongolian Armed Forces _ _ _ [73]
 Montenegro Military of Montenegro _ _ _ [74]
 Norway Norwegian Navy Kystjegerkommandoen G36KV2 _ 2001–2007 [59]
 Philippines Armed Forces of the Philippines

Presidential Security Group

 G36K
G36C		 _ _ [75]
 Poland BOA/SPAP special units of the Policja _ _ _ [76]
 Portugal Portuguese Marines _ _ _ [59]
Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) _ 200 _ [77]
Grupo de Operações Especiais (GOE) of the Polícia de Segurança Pública _ _ _ [78]
 Republic of China Special Forces G36C _ _ -
 Republic of Korea Korea Coast Guard SSAT (Special Sea Attack Team) G36C _ 2007 [79]
 Romania 1st Special Operations Regiment (Romania) of the Romanian Army G36K
G36C		 _ _ [80]
 Saudi Arabia Military of Saudi Arabia G36C _ _ [81]
 Serbia Special Brigade of the Serbian Army G36C _ 2010 [82]
 Slovakia 5th Special Forces Regiment of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic G36 _ _ _
 Spain Spanish Army G36E
G36KE
G36CE		 _ _ [59]
Spanish Navy _ _ [83]
Unidad de Operaciones Especiales special group of Spanish Navy and Spanish Marines _ _ [84]
Ejército del Aire (Spanish Air Force) _ _ [85]
 Sweden National Task Force G36C _ _ [86]
Piketen G36C _ _ [86]
Särskilda operationsgruppen G36K
G36C		 _ _ [87]
 Thailand Naresuan 261 Counter-Terrorism UnitSpecial Operations Unit of the Royal Thai Police G36C
G36K
SL8		 _ 2007 [88][89][90]
Royal Thai Army Infantry. G36K
G36KE
G36E
MG36		 _ _ [91]

[92] [93]

Royal Thai Navy SEALs Underwater Demolition Assault Unit (UDAU) Royal Thai Navy G36KV _ 2004 [94][95]
Royal Thai Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance battalion Special operations forces (RECON) Royal Thai Navy G36C _ 2004 [96][97][98][99]
 Timor Leste Policia Nacional de Timor-Leste G36K _ _ [100]
 United Kingdom Bermuda Regiment G36C
G36KV		 _ [101]
[102]
Civil Nuclear Constabulary G36C _ _ [103]
Greater Manchester Police G36C _ _ [103]
Lancashire Constabulary G36C _ _ [103]
Nottinghamshire Police G36C _ _
Specialist Firearms Command, Metropolitan Police Service G36C _ _ [104]
Police Service of Northern Ireland G36K
G36C		 _ _ [103]
Special Air Service of the British Army. G36K
G36C		 _ _ [105]
 United States United States Capitol Police _ _ _ [106]
Baltimore City Police Department _ _ _ [107]
 Uruguay Uruguayan Army G36,
G36K, G36C		 _ _
Uruguayan Navy G36E, G36V, AG G36 40 mm _ _

Gallery

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Modern Firearms - HK G36". World.guns.ru. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej – tom 2 G-Ł. Bellona. 2001. pp17-21.
  3. ↑ http://www.dw.de/german-defense-minister-says-no-future-for-g36-rifles-in-bundeswehr/a-18399209
  4. ↑ "Spanish Army". Ejercito.mde.es. 2001-12-01. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  5. ↑ "Arms manufacturer investigates how Gadhafi got German rifles". Deutsche Welle. 04/09/2011. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ↑ "G36 Automatic Rifle Cal 5.56X45 mm". En.mic.org.sa. Archived from the original on 2012-11-30. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Otfried Nassauer (2012-01). "Up for a new era? – German arms trade with the MENA region". Archived from the original on 2014-02-08. Retrieved 2014-02-08. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "His Royal Highness Crown Prince Receives a G36 Rifle produced by MIC" (PDF). Saudi Press Agency. 2011-06. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-09. Retrieved 2014-02-08. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ↑ "SPUHR-G36". Spuhr.com. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  10. ↑ "rk-gammertingen.de". rk-gammertingen.de.
  11. ↑ Zeiss NSA 80 night sight module datasheet
  12. ↑ "Patent US5821445 - Loading lever assembly for hand-operated firearms - Google Patents". Google.com. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  13. ↑ US 5821445, Guhring, Manfred, "Loading lever assembly for hand-operated firearms", issued 1996-10-13
  14. ↑ Deutsches Sturmgewehr versagt bei langem Gefecht - Welt.de, 1 April 2012
  15. ↑ Deutsches Sturmgewehr für langen Kampf untauglich - Welt.de, 25 April 2012
  16. ↑ Heckler & Koch Responds to Allegation that the G36 Rifle is Unfit for Service - Guns.com, 9 May 2012
  17. ↑ Sturmgewehr G36: Mangel-Munition soll Probleme verursacht haben - Spiegel.de, 17 February 2014
  18. ↑ "Bundeswehr: Rechnungshof wirft Wehrressort jahrelange Vertuschung bei G36-Gewehr vor". www.spiegel.de (in German). Der Spiegel. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  19. ↑ H&K G36 Rifle Not Faulty: Bad Ammunition Caused Poor Accuracy - Thefirearmblog.com, 30 June 2014
  20. ↑ HECKLER & KOCH G36 Wärmeproblematik geklärt Magazines CALIBER 4/14 and VISIER
  21. ↑ "Report: Germany Halts Army Rifle Orders Over Accuracy Fears". www.defensenews.com. DefenseNews. June 22, 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  22. ↑ "German army gives its soldiers a gun that can't shoot straight". www.breitbart.com. Breitbart-London. June 23, 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  23. ↑ Max Slowik (March 31, 2015). "German Bundeswehr confirms G36 issues". Guns.com. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  24. ↑ Nathaniel F (April 3, 2015). "The G36 Controversy Intensifies". thefirearmblog.com. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  25. ↑ "Präzisionsprobleme beim G36Zu ungenau: Bundeswehr will das Sturmgewehr wechseln". FOCUS online. March 31, 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  26. ↑ "Sturmgewehr G36 hat in der Bundeswehr keine Zukunft". faz.net. April 22, 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  27. ↑ "Zeiss RSA-S Reflex Sight". zeiss.com.
  28. ↑ "Heckler & Koch :: Home". heckler-koch.de.
  29. ↑ Heckler & Koch HK243 and HK293 (Civilian G36) - Thefirearmblog.com, 25 November 2013
  30. ↑ 'G36C Firearms' sold to the Australian Federal Police by HK Systems Australia
  31. ↑
  32. ↑ Bijzonder Bijstandsteam (Dutch)
  33. ↑ Folha de São Paulo. Retrieved June 23rd, 2007
  34. ↑ . Retrieved July 30th, 2011
  35. ↑ Žabec, Krešimir (November 13, 2006). "Heckler & Koch: Tvornica od koje Hrvatska vojska i policija kupuju puške i bacače". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  36. ↑ Eduard Šoštarić (March 29, 2007). "MORH preuzeo jurišne puške G36" [Ministry of Defence receives G36 assault rifles]. Nacional (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
  37. ↑ "Odbor Pohotovostní motorizovaná jednotka - Policie České republiky". Policie.cz. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  38. ↑ "Aktionsstyrken". Pet.dk. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  39. ↑ "Politiets aktionsstyrke - PolitiGuiden". Politiguiden.dk. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "2003 legal exportiert: Gewehre kommen aus Ägypten" (in German). n-tv.de. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
  41. ↑ Jussi Orell (2009-10-08). "Kymmeniä aselupia peruttu kouluampumisten jälkeen – Kotimaa – Turun Sanomat". Ts.fi. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  42. ↑ "Report: Germany Halts Army Rifle Orders Over Accuracy Fears". Defense News.
  43. ↑ "France Cracks Down on Radical Islam, Arresting 19". VOA.
  44. ↑ "Heckler & Koch :: Home". heckler-koch.com.
  45. ↑ Gewehr G 36. Bundeswehr.
  46. ↑ http://www.n-tv.de/politik/Heckler-Koch-will-BKA-einschalten-article14877066.html
  47. ↑ Weisswange, Jan-Phillip (2009). ASSIK. Der Arbeitsstab Schutzaufgaben der Bundespolizei. In: Strategie & Technik. Jg. 52, Nr. 5, Mai 2009. ISSN 1860-5311, S. 73–74.
  48. ↑ DW staff (August 17, 2008). "Georgians Illegally Armed With German Weapons, Report Says". DW-World.de. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  49. ↑ "警訊 - 全新飛虎隊SDU特輯HD version.mpg". YouTube. 31 December 1969.
  50. ↑ "Með Glock 17 og MP5". Fréttatíminn. 23. 09. 2011. p. 12-14.
  51. ↑ http://www.bild.de/politik/inland/isis/diese-waffen-liefert-deutschland-an-die-kurden-37478284.bild.html
  52. ↑ "Kopassus & Kopaska – Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije" (in Croatian). Hrvatski Vojnik Magazine. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
  53. ↑ Italian Ministry of Interior – Decree n° 559/A/1/ORG/DIP.GP/14 of March 6, 2009, concerning weapons and equipment in use with the Italian National Police – in Italian Retrieved on August 25, 2010.
  54. ↑ http://www.mod.go.jp/gsdf/gmcc/hoto/hkou/14hk093.pdf
  55. ↑ Shea, Dan (Spring 2009). "SOFEX 2008". Small Arms Defense Journal, p. 29.
  56. ↑ Tactical Weapons January 2011 Issue, Page 94.
  57. ↑ "Lajmi i Fundit - GazetaExpress" (PDF). gazetaexpress.com.
  58. ↑ http://www.mksf-ks.org/repository/docs/Koha_Ditore_per_FSK-ne.pdf
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 "Assault rifles in a 5.56 mm evolution: the fielding of new designs and the upgrade of existing weapons will ensure that 5.56 mm remains the predominant assault rifle calibre.". thefreelibrary.com.
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Bibliography
  • Woźniak, Ryszard (2001). "p 17-21". Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej – tom 2 G-Ł (in Polish). Warsaw, Poland: Bellona. ISBN 83-11-09310-5.

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