Health in Portugal
According to the latest Human Development Report, the average life expectancy in 2014 was 80.0 years.[1] The Portuguese Health Care System was ranked number 12 in overall performance by the World Health Organization in a 2000 report ranking the health care systems of each of the 190 United Nations member nations. Nonetheless it ranked number 27 as the most expensive per capita Health Care System.[2]
The Portuguese health system is characterized by three coexisting systems: the National Health Service (Portuguese: Serviço Nacional de Saúde, SNS), special social health insurance schemes for certain professions (health subsystems) and voluntary private health insurance. The SNS provides universal coverage although they have recently been implemented measures to ensure the sustainability of the service, for example, the implementation of user fees that are paid at the end of the treatments.[3]
In addition, about 25% of the population is covered by the health subsystems, 10% by private insurance schemes and another 7% by mutual funds.
The Ministry of Health is responsible for developing health policy as well as managing the SNS. Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery. Decentralization efforts have aimed at shifting financial and management responsibility to the regional level. In practice, however, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care.
The SNS is predominantly funded through general taxation. Employer (including the state) and employee contributions represent the main funding sources of the health subsystems. In addition, direct payments by the patient and voluntary health insurance premiums account for a large proportion of funding. Similar to the other Eur-A countries, most Portuguese die from noncommunicable diseases. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is higher than in the Eurozone, but its two main components, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, display inverse trends compared with the Eur-A, with cerebrovascular disease being the single biggest killer in Portugal (17%). Portuguese people die 12% less often from cancer than in the Eur-A, but mortality is not declining as rapidly as in the Eur-A. Cancer is more frequent among children as well as among women younger than 44 years. Although lung cancer (slowly increasing among women) and breast cancer (decreasing rapidly) are scarcer, cancer of the cervix and the prostate are more frequent. Portugal has the highest mortality rate for diabetes in the Eur-A, with a sharp increase since the late 1980s.
Portugal’s infant mortality rate has dropped sharply since the 1980s, when 24 of 1000 newborns died in the first year of life. It is now around 3 deaths per a 1000 newborns. This improvement was mainly due to the decrease in neonatal mortality, from 15.5 to 3.4 per 1000 live births.
People are usually well informed about their health status, the positive and negative effects of their behaviour on their health and their use of health care services. Yet their perceptions of their health can differ from what administrative and examination-based data show about levels of illness within populations. Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services. Only one third of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal (Kasmel et al., 2004). This is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting and reflects the relatively adverse situation of the country in terms of mortality and selected morbidity.[4]
List of hospitals
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This is a list of hospitals in Portugal. It is sorted by city, region or metropolitan agglomeration. Most of the Portuguese Hospitals were inserted into joint centrally-regulated health super units designated "hospital centers (centros hospitalares). The next phase is already being implemented and it consists of including the local Health Centres into the region's Centro Hospitalar; those newly created Mega-Units are defined as Unidade Local de Saúde (Local Health Units).[5]
Alentejo
- Hospital do Espírito Santo - Évora
- Hospital Militar de Évora - Évora
- Hospital da Misericórdia (Espírito Santo Saude, a division of ESFG) - Évora
- Hospital of the Litoral Alentejano - Santiago do Cacém
- Centro Hospitalar of the Baixo Alentejo (Hospital José Joaquim Fernandes, Hospital de São Paulo) - Beja, Serpa
- Unidade Local de Saúde of the Norte Alentejano (Hospital de Santa Luzia, Hospital Dr. José Maria Grande) - Portalegre, Elvas Municipality
Algarve
- Hospital Distrital de Faro - Faro
- Centro Hospitalar of the Barlavento Algarvio (Hospital of Lagos, Hospital of Portimão) - Lagos, Portimão
Braga
- Hospital São Marcos - Braga
- Hospital Santa Maria Maior - Barcelos
- Centro Hospitalar of the Alto Ave (Hospital São José de Fafe, Hospital Nossa Senhora de Oliveira) - Guimarães, Fafe
Bragança
- Centro Hospitalar of the Nordeste (Hospital Distrital of Bragança, Hospital of Macedo de Cavaleiros, Hospital of Mirandela) - Bragança region
Castelo Branco
- Unidade Local de Saúde of Castelo Branco (Hospital Dr. Amato Lusitano)
- Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira (Hospital Pêro da Covilhã, Hospital do Fundão) - Covilhã, Fundão, Portugal
Coimbra
- Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra (Hospital Geral dos Covões, Maternidade Bissaya Barreto, Hospital Pediátrico) - Coimbra
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico of Coimbra
- Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra
- Instituto Português de Oncologia (Portuguese Institute of Oncology) - regional branches at Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra
Greater Lisbon
- Hospital da Luz (private)
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (Hospital Pulido Valente, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria)
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central (Hospital de São José, Hospital de Santo António António dos Capuchos-Hospital do Desterro, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Hospital de Santa Marta)
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (Hospital Egas Moniz, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Hospital de Santa Cruz)
- Centro Hospitalar Barreiro-Montijo (Hospital Nossa Senhora do Rosário, Hospital Distrital do Montijo) - Barreiro, Montijo
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal (Hospital de São Bernardo, Hospital de Sant'Iago do Outão) - Setúbal
- Hospital Curry Cabral
- Maternidade Alfredo da Costa
- Hospital Garcia de Orta - Almada, Seixal Municipalityl
- Hospital Reynaldo dos Santos - Vila Franca de Xira
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca - Amadora
- Hospital de Cascais Dr. José de Almeida - Cascais
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil (Portuguese Institute of Oncology) - regional branches at Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra
- British Hospital (private)
- Hospital Particular de Lisboa (private)
- Hospital da Cruz Vermelha (private)
- Hospital de Santiago (private)
- Hospital da CUF (private)
- Hospital dos Lusíadas (private)
- Hospital das Forças Armadas (military)
- Hospital Real de Todos os Santos (destroyed in 1755)
- Hospitais Civis de Lisboa (extinct local network)
- Santa Casa da Misericórdia (national network)
Greater Porto
- Centro Hospitalar of Porto (Hospital de Santo António, Hospital Maria Pia, Maternidade Júlio Dinis)
- Hospital de Gaia - V.N. Gaia
- Hospital Pedro Hispano - Matosinhos
- Hospital de S. João - Porto
- Hospital S. Sebastião - Santa Maria da Feira
- Centro Hospitalar of Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde (Hospitals of Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia (Portuguese Institute of Oncology) - regional branches at Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra
Guarda
- Unidade Local de Saúde of Guarda (Hospital Nossa Senhora da Assunção, Hospital Sousa Martins) - Seia, Guarda, Portugal
Leiria
- Hospital de Santo André - Leiria
- Hospital Distrital Caldas da Rainha (Centro Hospitalar do Oeste Norte)
Médio Tejo (Santarém region)
- Centro Hospitalar of the Médio Tejo (Hospital de Abrantes, Hospital de Torres Novas, Hospital de Tomar) - Abrantes, Tomar, Torres Novas
Tâmega (Porto region)
- Centro Hospitalar of the Tâmega and Sousa (Hospital Padre Américo, Hospital São Gonçalo de Amarante) - Penafiel, Amarante
Viana do Castelo
- Unidade Local de Saúde of the Alto Minho (Hospital de Santa Luzia, Hospital Conde Bertiandos) - Viana do Castelo region
Viseu
- Hospital de São Teotónio - Viseu
See also
References
- ↑ http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en
- ↑ World Health Organization ranking of health systems
- ↑ http://www.npr.org/2012/04/13/150580358/tough-cuts-in-portugal-may-be-exacting-high-toll
- ↑ see http://www.euro.who.int/document/chh/por_highlights.pdf
- ↑ http://www.hospitaisepe.min-saude.pt/Hospitais_EPE/Mapa_Hospitais/
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