Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame
The Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame was established as a non-profit corporation in 1994 in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The annual honorees include individuals, groups, institutions, chanters and songs.[1]
The Royal Patrons
King David Kalakaua, Queen Liliuokalani, Princess Miriam Likelike and Prince William Pitt Leleiohoku II were siblings known as Na Lani 'Ehā, or The Royal Four, for their patronage and enrichment of Hawaii's musical culture and history. All four were composers. Their aggregate body of musical compositions in the Hawaiian language numbers in the hundreds. After the hula had long been banned by missionaries, Kalakaua restored it as a symbol of the Hawaiian culture. Kalakaua and Liliuokalani were the last monarchs of the Kingdom of Hawaii, but The Royal Four's gift of music to Hawaii lives on through individual artists. The Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame acknowledges the royal siblings as their patrons.[2]
Name | Image | Birth–Death | Information |
---|---|---|---|
Liliuokalani | (1838–1917) | List of compositions and works by Liliuokalani. Last reigning monarch of Kingdom of Hawaii. Composed Aloha 'Oe and hundreds of other songs and chants.[3] | |
Kalākaua | (1836–1891) | Lyricist for the state song Hawaii Ponoi, honoring Kamehameha I (Henri Berger wrote the music). The last reigning king of the Kingdom of Hawaii.[4] Helped restore the hula. The Merrie Monarch Festival is named in his honor.[5] | |
Leleiohoku II | (1854–1877) | List of compositions and works by Leleiohoku. Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Hawaii.[6] | |
Likelike | (1851–1887) | Princess of the Kingdom of Hawaii, mother of Princess Ka'iulani. Composer, sponsor of musical events.[7] | |
Meles
Song title | Inducted | Information |
---|---|---|
Alika | 2002 | Words & music by Charles Ka'apa |
Hawaii Aloha | 1998 | Written by Rev. Lorenzo Lyons[8] |
Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī | 2012 | State song of Hawaiʻi, written by King David Kalakaua and Henri Berger [9][10] |
Kalama'ula | 2002 | Words & music by Emma Kala Dudoit |
Kaulana Na Pua | 1998 | Written by Ellen Wright Prendergast[8] |
Makalapua | 1998 | Written by Konia and Eliza Holt[8] |
Na Ali'i | 1998 | Written by Samuel Kauhiwi[8] |
Ua Like No A Like | 1998 | Written by Alice Everett[8] |
Wehiwehi 'Oe | 2002 | Words & music by Sylvester Kalama |
Institutions
Name | Image | Inducted | Information |
---|---|---|---|
Kamehameha Schools | 2003 | Awarded for perpetuating Hawaiian music[11] | |
Kawaiahaʻo Church | 2004 | Church of Hawaiian royal family[12] | |
Groups
Name | Image | Inducted | Information |
---|---|---|---|
Cazimero, The BrothersThe Brothers Cazimero | 2006 | Duo formed in the 1970s[13] | |
Haili Church Choir | 2001 | Helped develop and promote Hawaiian music[14] | |
Hui Ohana | 2009 | Formed by Leeward Kaʻapana with brother Nedward Kaʻapana, mother Tina Kaʻapana and cousin Dennis Pavao[15] | |
Lake Trio, KahauanuKahauanu Lake Trio | 2005 | See Kahauanu Lake[16] | |
Ka Leo Hawai‘i | 2012 | Recording artists[9] | |
Kauhi Quartet, RichardRichard Kauhi Quartet | 2010 | Formed by pianist Richard Kauhi in 1947.[17] | |
Makaha Sons of Ni'ihau | 2012 | Recording artists[9] | |
Nahenahe Singers, LeoLeo Nahenahe Singers | 2008 | Formed in 1962 by Noelani Kanoho Mahoe. Other members included[18] | |
Olomana | 2011 | Founded in 1973 by Jerry Santos and Robert Beaumont[19] | |
Royal Hawaiian Band, TheThe Royal Hawaiian Band | 1999 | Established in 1936 by Kamehameha III and still active playing on the grounds of Iolani Palace[20] | |
Chanters
Relevant historical events coinciding with the time frame of the chanter prophesies:
- 1778–1779, Captain James Cook and crew become the first Europeans to visit Hawaii.[21] They infect the Hawaiian women with syphilis.[22]
- 1809 Henry Opukahaia of Hawaii arrives in New Haven, Connecticut and begins Christian studies.[23]
- 1810 Kamehameha I succeeds in unification of the Kingdom of Hawaii.[24]
- 1819 Kamehameha II assumes the throne upon the death of his father, breaks the kapu by eating at the table with the women, orders destruction of the heiau worship sites of the old religion.[25]
- 1820 Hiram Bingham I arrives in Hawaii with the first wave of Christian missionaries.[23]
- 1824–1849 Epidemics of measles, mumps and whooping cough kill tens of thousands of Hawaiians.[26]
Name | Image | Birth–Death | Inducted | Information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Keaulumoku | (1716–1784) | 1995 singularly 2000 with group | Chanter and prophet. His prophesies included Kamehameha I's unification of the islands, conquest by the white man, destruction of the temples, the downfall of the monarchy and extinction of the Hawaiian race.[27][28] | |
Ka'opulupulu | (c1773) | 2000 | Chanters honored as a singular group. Chanter and prophet who advised Kahahana against giving away Kualoa land on Oahu to Kahekili II of Maui. Kahekili II declared the priest a traitor and had both the priest and the priest's son killed. Prophesied the conquest of Hawaii by the white man, the end of the monarchy, and the extinction of the Hawaiian race.[28] | |
Kapoukahi | 2000 | Chanters honored as a singular group. Prophesied that Kamehameha I would be ruler over a united kingdom.[28] | ||
Kapihe | 2000 | Chanters honored as a singular group. Offered prayers over newborn Kamehameha III, believed to be stillborn. Prophesied the end of the kapus (taboos). Other prophesies are believed to have foretold of the coming of the missionaries and subsequent downfall of the Hawaiian monarchy.[28] | ||
Hewahewa | 2000 | Chanters honored as a singular group. High priest under Kamehameha I and Kamehameha II, later converted to Christianity. Helped Ka'ahumanu and Keōpūolani end the kapus.[28] | ||
Palea, James Pihanui KuluwaimakaJames Pihanui Kuluwaimaka Palea | (1837–1937)[29] | 2011 | Chanter in the court of Kalākaua, Bishop Museum database | |
Mika, AkoniAkoni Mika | (1858-unknown) | 2011 | Kauai chanter recorded by ethnomusicologist Helen Heffron Roberts in the 1920s [30] | |
Individuals
Name | Image | Birth–Death | Inducted | Information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apaka, AlfredAlfred Apaka | (1919–1960) | 1995 | Baritone singer who popularized romantic Hawaiian ballads during the 1950s.[31] | |
Beamer, Helen DeshaHelen Desha Beamer | (1882–1952) | 1995 | Composer and recording artist[32] | |
Berger, HenriHenri Berger | (1844–1929) | 1995 | Led the Royal Hawaiian Band from 1872 until his death. Wrote the melody to Kalakaua's song Hawaii Ponoi.[33] | |
Bright Sr., Sol K.Sol K. Bright Sr. | (1909–1992) | 1995 | Recording artist and composer of "Hawaiian Cowboy", "Sophisticated Hula" and "Polynesian Love Song"[34] | |
Kekuku, JosephJoseph Kekuku | (1874–1932) | 1995 | Inventor of the steel guitar[35] | |
King, Charles E.Charles E. King | (1874–1950) | 1995 | Composer[36] | |
Machado, LenaLena Machado | (1903–1974) | 1995 | Vocalist, composer, soloist with the Royal Hawaiian Band[37] | |
Pukui, MaryMary Pukui | (1895–1986) | 1995 | Author of the Hawaiian Dictionary, chanter, composer [38] | |
Rodrigues, Victoria K. I'iVictoria K. I'i Rodrigues | (1912–1987) | 1995 | Vocalist who translated lyrics between the Hawaiian and English languages[39] | |
Cunha, Albert "Sonny"Albert "Sonny" Cunha | (1879–1933) | 1996 | Composer, the first one to popularize Hawaiian songs with English lyrics ("Hapa-Haole")[40] | |
Hoʻopiʻi, SolSol Hoʻopiʻi | (1902–1953) | 1996 | Steel guitar player[41] | |
Isaacs, Alvin KaleolaniAlvin Kaleolani Isaacs | (1904–1984) | 1996 | Original band leader of the Royal Hawaiians, composed over 300 songs[42] | |
Kahalewai, HaunaniHaunani Kahalewai | (1929–1982) | 1996 | Mezzo-soprano who was a featured vocalist with Alfred Apaka[43] | |
Kealaka'i, MekiaMekia Kealaka'i | (1867–1944) | 1996 | Bandmaster of the Royal Hawaiian Band[44] | |
Almeida, John KameaalohaJohn Kameaaloha Almeida | (1897–1985) | 1998 | Recording artist, composer of what have become standards of Hawaiian music[45] | |
Aluli, Irmgard FardenIrmgard Farden Aluli | (1911–2001) | 1998 | Composer, wrote "Puamana" [46] | |
Anderson, Robert AlexRobert Alex Anderson | (1894–1995) | 1998 | Composer of "Lovely Hula Hands", "Mele Kalikimaka" and many others[47] | |
Mossman, BinaBina Mossman | (1893–1990) | 1998 | Composer, organized the first Hawaii girls glee club[48] | |
Nape, DavidDavid Nape | (1870–1913) | 1998 | Composer, member of the Royal Hawaiian Band[49] | |
Lam, MaddyMaddy Lam | (1910–1985) | 2000 | Composer, Vocalist with Alfred Apaka and Webley Edwards[50] | |
Keawe, GenoaGenoa Keawe | (1918–2008) | 2001 | Falsetto singer, recorded in the Hawaiian language for 49th State Records[51] | |
Kinney, RayRay Kinney | (1900–1972) | 2002 | Vocalist who performed across multiple media. Discovered other performers such as Alfred Apaka and Eddie Kamae.[52] | |
Pahinui, GabbyGabby Pahinui | (1921–1980) | 2002 | Vocalist, Slack key guitarist, recording artist[53] | |
Lake, KahauanuKahauanu Lake | (1932–2011) | 2004 | Composer, musician prominent in the Waikiki music scene[54][55] | |
Alohikea, AlfredAlfred Alohikea | 2005 | Kauai musician, composer[56] | ||
Lincoln, Bill Ali'iloaBill Ali'iloa Lincoln | (1913–) | 2005 | Falsetto singer[57][58] | |
Waia'u, Henry W.Henry W. Waia'u | 2005 | |||
Beamer, MahiMahi Beamer | (1929–) | 2006 | Falsetto singer[59][60] | |
Davis, Charles K. L.Charles K. L. Davis | (1925–1991) | 2006 | Opera singer who also sang hapa haole songs, sang as a duo in Los Angeles with James Shigeta[59][61] | |
Dela Cruz, LindaLinda Dela Cruz | (1929–2007) | 2006 | Falsetto singer, activist for native Hawaiian rights[59][62] | |
Keali`iwahamana, NinaNina Keali`iwahamana | 2006 | Vocalist[59][63] | ||
Veary, EmmaEmma Veary | (1930–) | 2006 | Vocalist with operatic range, performed in various venues in Waikiki. Noted for her rendition of Kamehameha Waltz.[64] | |
Ka'iwa, BillBill Ka'iwa | (1934–2011) | 2007 | Recording artist[65] | |
Kalima, JesseJesse Kalima | (1920–1980) | 2007 | Ukulele virtuoso, Vocalist[66] | |
Kamae, EddieEddie Kamae | (1927–) | 2007 | Ukulele virtuoso[67] | |
McDiarmid Sr., DonaldDonald McDiarmid Sr. | 2007 | Founder of Hula Records, composer, member of Harry Owens band.[68] | ||
Moon, PeterPeter Moon | (1944–) | 2007 | Vocalist and musician who began in the 1960s with Sunday Manoa[13] | |
Sai, MarleneMarlene Sai | (1941–) | 2007 | Recording artist discovered by Don Ho[69] | |
Watkins, John Pi'ilaniJohn Pi'ilani Watkins | (1928–1983) | 2007 | Falsetto Hall of Fame member, hula master, who served as a judge at the Merrie Monarch Festival[70] | |
Ae'a, JosephJoseph Ae'a | (1846–1912) | 2008 | Musician, composer, member of the Royal Hawaiian Band[18] | |
Alohikea, Elizabeth Leilu'uhipolaniElizabeth Leilu'uhipolani Alohikea | (1885–1935) | 2008 | Singer with the Royal Hawaiian Band[18] | |
Brown, Anuhea AudreyAnuhea Audrey Brown | (1922–) | 2008 | Musician composer, singer, pianist with the Haili Church Choir[18] | |
Brown, Thomas Kihei DeshaThomas Kihei Desha Brown | (1925–1978) | 2008 | Falsetto singer, musician, band leader[18] | |
Johnson, Alice AngelineAlice Angeline Johnson | (1912–1982) | 2008 | Composer known as "The Song Bird of Hawaii"[18] | |
Lake, John KeolaJohn Keola Lake | (1937–2008) | 2008 | Mentor and teacher of Hawaiian culture at Saint Louis High School, Chaminade University and Hawaiian Academy of Arts, Music, and Dance.[18] | |
Nahale-a Sr., Albert Po'aiAlbert Po'ai Nahale-a Sr. | (1910–1970) | 2008 | Minister of Music, Haili Church Choir[18] | |
Vaughan Jr., PalaniPalani Vaughan Jr. | (1944–) | 2008 | Recording artist[71] | |
Wong Jr., James Ka'upenaJames Ka'upena Wong Jr. | (1929–) | 2008 | Chanter, dancer, teacher, composer and recording artist[18] | |
Kalama, Thomas SylvesterThomas Sylvester Kalama | (1856–1906) | 2009 | ||
Kamakahi, DennisDennis Kamakahi | (1953–) | 2009 | Composer, Vocalist, Slack Key Guitarist[72][73] | |
Lake, Ma'iki AiuMa'iki Aiu Lake | (1925–1984) | 2009 | Hula master[74][75] | |
Lee, KuiKui Lee | (1932–1966) | 2009 | Composer, recording artist[76] | |
Bacon, Pat NamakaPat Namaka Bacon | (1920–) | 2010 | Author and scholar of Hawaiian culture, adopted daughter of Mary Pukui[77] | |
Cummings, AndyAndy Cummings | (1913–1995) | 2010 | Composer who wrote "Waikiki"[78][79] | |
Kaʻai, ErnestErnest Kaʻai | (1881–1961) | 2010 | Ukulele virtuoso[80] | |
Reichel, Keali'iKeali'i Reichel | (1961–) | 2010 | Vocalist, Composer[81] | |
Ilalaole, JosephJoseph Ilalaole | (1873–1965) | 2011 | Hula instructor[82] | |
Kalama, BennyBenny Kalama | (1916–1999) | 2011 | Vocalist, musician, musical director of Hawaii Calls, arranger for Alfred Apaka[83] | |
Kalainaina Jr., Sam Li'aSam Li'a Kalainaina Jr. | (1881–1975) | 2011 | Big Island performer and promoter, composer known as "the poet of Waipio Valley"[84] | |
Namakelua, AliceAlice Namakelua | (1892–1987) | 2011 | Kumu hula, lei maker, slack key guitar performer[85] | |
Owens, HarryHarry Owens | (1902–1986) | 2012 | Composer of "Sweet Leilani"[9] | |
Kainapau, GeorgeGeorge Kainapau | (1905–1992) | 2012 | Falsetto singer[9][86] | |
Naʻope, GeorgeGeorge Naʻope | (1928–2009) | 2012 | Kumu hula master[9] | |
See also
References
- ↑ "Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame". HMHF. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ↑ Haas, Michael (2011). Barack Obama, The Aloha Zen President. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-313-39402-7.
- ↑ Smith, Gail (2003). Four Centuries of Women Composers. Mel Bay Publications, Inc. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7866-6870-0.
- ↑ Goh, Geok Yian (2005). Uniquely Hawaii. Heinemann-Raintree. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-4034-4645-9.
- ↑ "Kalakaua". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Leleiohoku II". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "MIriam Likelike". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 "Songs". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Fujioka, Justin (May 1, 2013). "5 inducted into Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame". KITV News. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
- ↑ "Hawaii Ponoi". Huapala.org. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
- ↑ "Kamehameha Schools". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Kawaiahao Church". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Past Hoku Winners Prove Diversity and Longevity of Hawaiian Talent". Billboard: 32. May 6, 1995.
- ↑ "Haili Church Choir". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ Ruymar, Lorene; Boyd, Joe (1996). Hawaiian Steel Guitar and Its Great Hawaiian Musicians. Centerstream Publications. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-57424-021-4.
- ↑ "K Lake Trio". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Letters to the Editor". Honolulu Advertiser. July 20, 2006.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 "Hawaiian musicians shine at Stars". Honolulu Advertiser. May 4, 2009.
- ↑ "Hawaii Family Album". Billboard: 54. April 30, 1994.
- ↑ "Royal Hawaiian Band official site". City and County of Honolulu. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ Rayson (1989). "Captain Cook Finds the Islands". Hawaii: The Pacific State. Bess Press, Incorporated. pp. 26, 27, 28. ISBN 978-1-57306-096-7.
- ↑ Putney, Clifford (2010). Missionaries in Hawai'i: The Lives of Peter and Fanny Gulick, 1797–1883. University of Massachusetts. pp. 44, 45. ISBN 978-1-55849-735-1.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Oaks, Robert E (2003). Hawaii:: A History of the Big Island. Arcadia Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-7385-2436-8.
- ↑ Lal, Brij V.; Fortune, Kate (1999). The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia. University of Hawaii Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-8248-2265-1.
- ↑ Siler, Julia Flynn (2012). Lost Kingdom: Hawaii's Last Queen, the Sugar Kings and America's First Imperial Adventure. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-8021-2001-4.
- ↑ Menton, Linda K. (1999). History of Hawaii. Curriculum Research & Development Group. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-937049-94-5.
- ↑ "Keaulumoku". HMFM. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 "Chanters". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ James P.K. Palea at Find a Grave
- ↑ "Life is Good blog". Star-Bulletin. May 3, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
- ↑ Allen, Robert C. (2004). Creating Hawaii Tourism. Bess Press, Inc. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-57306-206-0.
- ↑ "Helen Desha Beamer". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Henri Berger". HMHFM. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Sol K. Bright Sr.". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Joseph Kekuku". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Charles E. King". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Lena Machado". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Mary Pukui". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Victoria K. I'i Rodrigues". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Sonny Cunha". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Sol Hoopii". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Alvin Isaacs". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Haunani Kahalewa". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Mekia Kealakai". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "John Kameaaloha Almeida". HMFM. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ Clark, John R.K. (1989). Beaches of Maui County. Univ of Hawaii Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-8248-1246-1.
- ↑ "R A Anderson". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Bina Mossman". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Davie Nape". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Maddy Lam". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Genoa Keawe". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Ray Kinney". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Gabby Pahimui". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Kahauanu Lake". HMHF. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ Berger, John (March 7, 2011). "Kahauanu Lake dies at 79". Honolulu Pulse.
- ↑ Mahoe, Noelani; Elbert, Samuel H. (1970). Na Mele O Hawai'i Nei: 101 Hawaiian Songs. University of Hawaii Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-87022-219-1.
- ↑ "Bill Aliiloa Lincoln". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ↑ "Territorial Tributes". Territorial Airwaves. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 Moreno, Loran (July 17, 2007). "Hawaiian music legends to be honored". Honolulu Adversiter. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ↑ "Mahi Beaner". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Charles K L Davis". Square One.org. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Linda Dela Cruz". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Nina K". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Emma Veary". Midweek. May 11, 2011.
- ↑ Berger, John. "Bill Kaiwa, 1934–2011". Honolulu Pulse. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "2002 Hall of Fame Inductee". Ukulele Hall of Fame. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Eddie Kamae". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ Kam, Nadine (April 30, 1984). "The Business of Island Entertainment". Billboard: 56.
- ↑ "Marlene Sai". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "John Piilani Watkin". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Palani Vaughn Jr.". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ↑ "New World". CMJ New Music Report: 32. February 15, 1999.
- ↑ "Slack Key Master ... Dennis Kamakahi". Slack Key Show. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ Margaret Maiki Souza Aiu Lake at Find a Grave
- ↑ Gordon, Mike (July 2, 2006). "Ma'iki Aiu Lake". Honolulu Advertiser.
- ↑ Enomoto, Catherine Kekoa. "We'll Remember You". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ Serrano, Zenaida (August 17, 2005). "The Auntie of Bishop Museum". Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ↑ "Andy Cummings". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Andy Cummings". Square One.org. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Ernest Kaai". Ukulele Hall of Fame. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ Horowitz, Lenoir; Horowitz, Micah (2010). Kauai Underground Guide: 19th Edition. Papaloa Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-9745956-3-4.
- ↑ Joseph Kealiikuikamoku Ilalaole at Find a Grave
- ↑ Tsai, Michael. "Benny Kalama". Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ↑ "LI'A: The Legacy of a Hawaiian Man". The Hawaiian Legacy Foundation.
- ↑ "The Honolulu 100". Honolulu Magazine. November 2005.
- ↑ "George Kainapau: 1905–1992 Hawaiian Falsetto Singer". Hawaiian Music History. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
External links
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