Hassanzai
The Hassanzai is a Pakhtoon/Pashtoon/Pathan tribe. It is one of the division of Isazai clan of the Yousafzai tribe which is one of the most powerful, famous and respected tribe of Pashtoons. Colonel Wylly, Harold Carmichael, 1858–1932, has described these great people in just one sentence; leaving no space for further descriptions and definitions.[1]
| “ | The Yousafzai is an agriculturist, generally fine, well-limbed man, of a good physique and appearance with great deal of race-pride, well dressed and cheery, while his hospitality is proverbial. | ” |
Origin
The Hassanzais are amongst The Black Mountain (Tor Ghar) Tribes; a division of the Isazai clan of the great Yousafzai tribe.[2] They are the descendants of Hassan the son of Isa (Isazai) and the grandson of Yusaf/Yousaf/(Yousafzai). The Hassanzais are further divided into following ten Sections:-.[3][4]
The Sections
| Sub Clan | Section | |
| Hassanzai | Khan Khel | |
| Kotwal | ||
| Zakaria Khel | ||
| Mir Ahmad Khel | ||
| Lughman Khel | ||
| Kaka Khel | ||
| Dada Khel | ||
| Mamu Khel | ||
| Nanu Khel | ||
| Nasrat Khel |
Demographics
The Hassanzais live on either side of the Indus; those cis-Indus occupy the most southern portion of the western slopes of Tor Ghar, while those trans-Indus live immediately opposite to them. The Hassanzai area is bounded on the north and east by the Akazais, on the west by the Indus,and on the south the Hassanzai border adjoins the territory of Tanawal, the former state of Amb.[5] Some people who migrated from there are now living in tehsil Oghi of Mansehra district (adjoining Tor Ghar) and upper Tanawal. Beside these areas, Hassanzais have also settled in Karachi in a large number and are mainly involved in the transport business.
Culture and traditions
Like all other Pashtoons, Hassanzais have maintained their cultural identity and individuality. They lead their lives strictly in accordance with code of ethics of Pashtoonwali which comprises Manliness, Goodness, Gallantery, Loyalty and Modesty. Hassanzais have also maintained the great Pashtoon customs of Jirga (Consultative Assembly), Nanawati (Delegation pleading guilty), Hujhra (Large drawing room) and Melmasteya (Hospitality).[6]
Language
Pushto is the basic language of Hassanzais. Being away from the urban centres and less interaction with people from other languages, Hassanzais of Tor Ghar speak the purest form of Pushto. Due to migrations to other areas of Pakistan for better prospects of life and marriages in non-Pushtoon families, some Mada Khels have adopted other languages like Hindko and Urdu etc.
Fighting against the British
The Black Mountain (Tor Ghar) Tribes had never been under the British Rule. Hassanzais along with Akazais had been actively involved in fighting with British for quite some time. Brief account of the Briitish Expeditions against The Black Mountain (Tor Ghar) Tribes is as under:-[7][8]
- Under Lieutenant Colonel F. Mackeson, in 1852-53, agninst the Hassanzais. The occasion was the murder of two British customs officers. A force of 3800 British troops traversed their country, destroying their villages, grain and crops.
- Under Major-General A. T. Wilde, in 1868. The occasion was an attack on a British police post at Oghi in the Agror Valley by all The Black Mountain (Tor Ghar) Tribes. A force of 12,500 British troops entered the country and the tribes made peace.
- The First Hazara Expedition in 1888. The cause was the constant raids made by the tribes on villages in British territory, culminating in an attack on a small British reconnaissance troop, in which two British officers were killed. A force of 9,500 British troops traversed the country of the tribes, and severe fighting took place.[9]
- The Second Hazara Expedition of 1891. The Black Mountain (Tor Ghar) Tribes fired on a force within British limits. A force of 7300 British troops traversed the country. The tribesmen made their peace and entered into an agreement with government to preserve the peace of the border.
New developments
On 28 January 2011, Tor Ghar became the 25th District of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa. Judba is the Capital of this newly born district with following tehsils:
- Judba.
- Kandar Hassanzai.
- Mada Khel.
The Kandar Hassanzai tehsil now comprises most of the areas of Hassanzais.
References
- ↑ H.C. Wylly (1912). "From the Black Mountain to Waziristan". London, Macmillan. p. 56.
- ↑ Compiled by H. A. Rose. Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and N.W.F.Province. p. 10.https://archive.org/details/glossaryoftribes03rose
- ↑ J. Wolfe Murray. A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes on the North-west Frontier of India.https://archive.org/details/adictionarypath00brangoog
- ↑ Compiled by the Intelligence Branch, Division of the Chief of Army Staff, Army Headquarters India. Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India. Vol I. Chapter III and IV.https://archive.org/details/frontieroverseas01indi
- ↑ Wylly H.C. From the Black Mountain to Waziristan, Chapter - II pges (24 -53).https://archive.org/details/fromblackmountai00wyll
- ↑ Surinder Singh and Ishwar Dayal Gaur. Popular Literature and Pre-Modern Societies in South ASia. p. 336.http://books.google.com/books?id=QVA0JAzQJkYC&pg=PA336&dq=pushtoonwali
- ↑ Compiled by the Intelligence Branch, Division of the Chief of Army Staff, Army Headquarters India. Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India. Vol I. Chapter III and IV https://archive.org/details/frontieroverseas01indi
- ↑ Wylly H.C. From the Black Mountain to Waziristan, Chapter-II pages (24-53).https://archive.org/details/fromblackmountai00wyll
- ↑ Raugh, Harold E. The Victorians at War, 1815-1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2004, pp. 163-164, ISBN 978-1-57607-925-6.