Haplogroup V (mtDNA)

Haplogroup V
Possible time of origin 9800 YBP [1]
Possible place of origin Near East
Ancestor HV0a
Descendants V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9
Defining mutations 4580[2]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup V derives from the HV0a. In 1998 it was argued that V spread over Europe from an Ice Age refuge in Iberia.[3] However more recent estimates of the date of V would place it in the Neolithic.[1] That makes an origin in the Near East more plausible.

Distribution

Haplogroup V is a relatively rare mtDNA haplogroup found in approximately 4% of native Europeans.[4] Its highest concentration is among the Saami people of northern Scandinavia (approximately 59%), where its divergence time is estimated at 7600 YBP (years before present). It has been found at approximately 10% among the Maris of the Volga-Ural region, leading to the suggestion that this region might be the source of the V among the Saami.[5]

Haplogroup V is also found at higher than average levels in Cantabrian people (15%)[6] of northern Iberia, and somewhat lower in nearby Basque people (10.4%).[7] It also is found in particularly high concentrations (16.3%) among the Berbers of Matmata, Tunisia.[8]

Ancient DNA

MtDNA haplogroup V has been reported in Neolithic remains of the Linear Pottery culture at Halberstadt, Germany c. 5000 BC[9] and Derenburg Meerenstieg, Germany c. 4910 BC.[10]

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup V subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.

See also

Evolutionary tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6
L1 L2 L3   L4 L5 L6
  M   N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S   R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT P  U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Doron M. Behar et al., A “Copernican” Reassessment of the Human Mitochondrial DNA Tree from its Root, The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 90 (2012), supplement.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  3. ↑ Antonio Torroni et al., mtDNA Analysis Reveals a Major Late Paleolithic Population Expansion from Southwestern to Northeastern Europe, American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 62 (1998), pp. 1137–1152.
  4. ↑ Bryan Sykes (2001). The Seven Daughters of Eve. London; New York: Bantam Press. ISBN 0393020185.
  5. ↑ Max Ingman and Ulf Gyllensten, A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia, European Journal of Human Genetics vol. 15 (2007), pp. 115–120; Kristiina Tambets, Siiri Rootsi, Toomas Kivisild, Hela Help, Piia Serk et al., The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes, American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 74 (2004), pp. 661–682.
  6. ↑ Maca-Meyer, N.; P. Sánchez-Velasco, C. Flores, J.M. Larruga1, A.M. González, A. Oterino and F. Leyva-Cobián (31 March 2003). "Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Characterization of Pasiegos, a Human Isolate from Cantabria (Spain)". Annals of Human Genetics 67 (Pt 4): 329–339. doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00045.x. PMID 12914567. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
  7. ↑ Soares, Pedro; Luca Ermini, Noel Thomson, Maru Mormina, Teresa Rito, Arne Röhl, Antonio Salas, Stephen Oppenheimer, Vincent Macaulay and Martin B. Richards, Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock, The American Society of Human Genetics, vol. 84, no. 6 (Jun 2009), pp. 82–93
  8. ↑ Fadhlaoui-Zid, K; Plaza, S; Calafell, F; Ben Amor, M; Comas, D; Bennamar El Gaaied, A; Gaaied, El (May 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA heterogeneity in Tunisian Berbers". Annals of Human Genetics 68 (3): 322–233. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00096.x. PMID 15180702.
  9. ↑ W. Haak et al., Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites, Science, vol. 310, no. 5750 (2005), pp. 1016-1018.
  10. ↑ W. Haak, et al., Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities, PloS Biology, vol. 8, no.11 (November 2010), e1000536.

External links