Haplogroup S-M230

Haplogroup S-P405
Possible time of origin 28,000-41,000 years before present (Scheinfeldt 2006)
Possible place of origin New Guinea/Indonesia
Ancestor K2b1/MS-P397 (also ancestor of haplogroup M, and all K in Melanesia and Australia http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/pdf/ejhg2014106a.pdf) .
Defining mutations M230, P202, P204
Highest frequencies Ekari 74% (Mona 2007)

Haplogroup S-M230, also known as Haplogroup K2b1a4, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the largest subclade of Haplogroup S-P405 (K2b1a).

Haplogroup S-M230 is commonly found among populations of the highlands of Papua New Guinea (Kayser 2003). It is also found at lower frequencies in adjacent parts of Indonesia and Melanesia.

Distribution

One study has reported finding haplogroup S-M230 in: 52% (16/31) of a sample from the Papua New Guinea Highlands; 21% (7/34) of a sample from the Moluccas; 16% (5/31) of a sample from the Papua New Guinea coast; 12.5% (2/16) of a sample of Tolai from New Britain; 10% (3/31) of a sample from Nusa Tenggara, and; 2% (2/89) of a sample from the West New Guinea lowlands/coast.(Kayser 2003 Cox 2006)

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) (α) (β) (γ) (δ) (ε) (ζ) (η) YCC 2002 (Longhand) YCC 2005 (Longhand) YCC 2008 (Longhand) YCC 2010r (Longhand) ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012
K-M926VIII1U25Eu16H5FK*KKK-------

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

2008 YCC tree

From 2002 to 2008, it was known as Haplogroup K5.

Phylogenetic trees

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree (Karafet 2008) and subsequent published research.

See also

Genetics

Y-DNA S subclades

  • S-M230

Y-DNA backbone tree

Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups
MRC Y-ancestor
A00 A0'1'2'3'4
A0 A1'2'3'4
A1 A2'3'4
A2'3 A4=BCDEF
A2 A3 B CDEF
DE CF
D E C F
GHIJKLT
G HIJKLT
H IJKLT
IJ KLT (K)
I J LT(K1) K (K2)
L T MPS (K2b) X (K2a)
MS P NO
M S QR N O
Q R
  1. ↑ van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.

References

    Footnotes

      Works cited

      Further reading