Haplogroup MS-P397

Haplogroup K2b1-P397 (MS)
Possible time of origin 30,000-40,000
Possible place of origin Southeast Asia; Oceania .
Ancestor K2b-p331
Descendants M-P256 and S-P405
Defining mutations P397,P399 [1][2]

Haplogroup MS-P397 (also known as K2b1) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A descendant haplogroup of K2b-P331/MPS, Haplogroup MS-P397 has multiple subhaplogroups, including M-P256 and S-P405.[3][4]

MS-P397 is found primarily among Papuan peoples, Micronesian peoples, indigenous Australians, and Polynesians.

Distribution

K2b1 is found In 83% of males of Papua New Guinea, and is the sole native K -y dna of Australia, and is Associated with the Melanesians, Micronesians, and Aeta, but rare in Polynesia where it is generally found only at 5-10%.[5]

Nearly all K y-DNA among Australia belongs to Haplogroup S-P60 (a part of K2b1a1).

Population K2b1/MPS % (old K* in Oceania is assumed to be K2b1)
Papua New Guinea 82.76%
New Zealand 03.82% (1.95% ) 51% of Maori have native y-dna
Fiji 60.75%
Solomon Islands 71.9%
French Polynesia 08%
Vanuatu 76.5%
New Caledonia ?
Guam 33.3% (small sample size)
Samoa 08.04%
Kiribati 0% (small sample size)
Tonga 20.69%
Micronesia FDR 66.67%
Marshall Islands 63.64%
American Samoa ?
Northern Mariana Islands ?
Palau 61.5% small sample size
Cook Islands 03.9%
Wallis and Futuna 26%
Tuvalu 36%
Nauru 28.6% (small sample size)
Norfolk Island ?
Niue 0% (small sample size)
Tokelau 50% (small sample size)
Hawaii 20% (small sample size from FTDNA)
Australia 45.29% (13.94%) around 30% of Australian Aborigines have native y-dna.
Timor 25%
Aeta 60%
Filipino Austronesian 04.0%
Malay 06.4%
Flores 35%
Sulawesi 11.3%
East Indonesia 25.9%
Java Indonesia 0%
Bali Indonesia 0.9%
Sumatra Indonesia 0%
Borneo Indonesia 05.8%
West Papua Province 52.6%
Papua Province 82.6%
Sumba Indonesia 25.2%
Chukkese people Micronesia 76.5%
Pohnpeian people Micronesia 70% (small sample size)

Phylogeny


Haplogroup L and T (K2). Spotty with L being found at its highest frequency in Baloch of Afghanistan and western cost of India and Pakistan , while T is most common among some Jewish communities, Ethiopan Somalians, some alpine cities, some Aegean Islands and a few tribes of India


K2*

K2* 5 cases in Sumatra and 1 case in Sulawesi


NO

X-M147. Highly rare lineage in India. 1 sample found so far.

N Found near Arctic Circle, Yakuts, Finno Ugrians (Ancient samples: Most remains from the Yangshao, Hongshan,Ancient elite Hungarians, Xiongnu and prehistoric Yakuts while the Xiajiadian mixed between O3)

O Sino-Tibetans + modern Longshan and Daxi and Xiajiadian which was divided between N and O3 (Xiajiadian was mixed others were pure) (O3), Austronesians, Polynesians, Melanesians, Malaygasy and in modern Liangzhu to a very low extent (O1), and Austro-Asiatics (O2) dominant east Asian line (O) note O1 and O2 form a clade against O3 called O1'2




K2b


K2b1

M (M-P256*). Found in Papua New Guinea, New Britain, Polynesia , Melanesia but very rare in Australia .

S (S-P405)Found in Papua New Guinea, New Britain and across Melanesia, Australia, but rare in Polynesia found in 1900 ad Australian Aborigine (not to be confused with S-P230).

K2b1-P378 Found exclusively in the Aeta who have it at 60%.

K2b1-P336 found at 26% on the Island of Alor found also in other parts of eastern Indonesia at very low frequency



K2b2


P-P295(x45)

28% of Aetas

10% of Timor rare in other parts of Indonesia



P-P295

Q-M242 Kets , Selkups, Turkmen, Altai, Tuvans, Far East Siberia, Americas (Ancient Samples Anzick from Montana, Prehistoric Alaskan + Ancient Greenlander+Xirong, Mongolian Altai Kurgans (R1a-z93 mixed with Q1a2a1-L54) and possibly Afantova.

†R0m* sequence from Mal'ta' in Siberia 24kya y-dna sequence

R2 found in India, Sri Lanka, North Pakistan isolates

R1a found in East Europe, India, Central Asia, Altai, Scandinavia, and Uighurs. Ancient samples include 10 out of 11 samples from Xiaohe, Andronovo, Pazyryk, Kurgan, Tagar and Corded Ware cultures

R1b Western Europe, Armenia, speakers of some Chadic languages in Africa. In antiquity found in several members of the Bell Beaker culture from Germany and Guanches from the Canary Islands. (Reports of King Tut by iGENEA belonging to R1b have not been verified.)

K2c-P261. Minor lineage of Bali.

K2d-P402 Minor lineage of Java



References

  1. ↑ http://www.phylotree.org/Y/tree/index.htm
  2. ↑ Karafat 2014
  3. ↑ van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau MH (Feb 2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation 35 (2): 187–191. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
  4. ↑ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Sudoyo H, Lansing JS, Hammer MF (June 2014). "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia". Eur J Hum Genet 23: 369–373. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106. PMID 24896152.
  5. ↑ Karafet 2014
Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups
MRC Y-ancestor
A00 A0'1'2'3'4
A0 A1'2'3'4
A1 A2'3'4
A2'3 A4=BCDEF
A2 A3 B CDEF
DE CF
D E C F
GHIJKLT
G HIJKLT
H IJKLT
IJ KLT (K)
I J LT(K1) K (K2)
L T MPS (K2b) X (K2a)
MS P NO
M S QR N O
Q R
  1. ↑ van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.