Haplogroup L4b (mtDNA)
| Haplogroup L4b | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 40000 YBP |
| Possible place of origin | Arabian Peninsula |
| Ancestor | L4 |
| Defining mutations | 709, 3918 [1] |
| Highest frequencies | L4b1, L4b2 |
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup L4b is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is commonly found in East Africa and the Southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
Origin
This haplogroup is believed to have diverged from Haplogroup L4 about 40000 YBP with a migration out of Africa into the Fertile Crescent.
Distribution
The Haplogroup is most concentrated in the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula.
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup L4 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser.[2]
Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
- L4
- L4b
- L4b1
- L4b2 (Formerly known as L3g or L4g)
- L4b2a
- L4b2a1
- L4b2a2
- L4b2a2a
- L4b2a2b
- L4b2b
- L4b2a
- L4b
References
- ↑ http://www.familytreedna.com/mtDNA-Haplogroup-Mutations.aspx
- ↑ Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation
|
Evolutionary tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External links
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Family Tree DNA's Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Site