Hans Heinrich XV

Hans Heinrich XV

Prince of Pless (Pszczyna)
Reign	1907 - 1938
Predecessor	Hans Heinrich XI
Successor	Hans Heinrich XVII

Spouse	Mary Theresa Olivia Cornwallis-West m. 1891 - div. 1922 Clotilde de Silva y Gonzales de Candamo m. 1925 - div. 1934
Issue	Hans Heinrich XVII Alexander Bolko Beatrice Conrad
House	House of Hochberg
Father	Hans Heinrich XI
Mother	Maria von Kleist
Born	(1861-04-23)23 April 1861 Pless, Silesia (now Pszczyna, Poland)
Died	31 January 1938(1938-01-31) (aged 76) Paris, France

Hans Heinrich XV von Hochberg (Polish: Jan Henryk XV, 23 April 1861 - 31 January 1938) was Prince of Pless (Pszczyna), Count von Hochberg and Baron of Fürstenstein (Książ). He was the husband (1891–1923) of Mary Theresa Olivia Hochberg von Pless, also known as Princess Daisy.^[1]

A member of one of the wealthiest European noble families, he was the owner of large estates and coal mines in Silesia (Poland) which brought him enormous fortune and his extravagant lifestyle coupled with disastrous events and political and family scandals were tasty morsels for the international press.^[2]

Biography

Early life

Coat of Arms of the House of Hochberg-Pless.

He was born on April 23, 1861, in Pless, now known as Pszczyna in Poland. He was the son of Hans Heinrich XI and Maria von Kleist. In 1879 he graduated from the exclusive St. Mary Magdalene high school in Wrocław. He then studied economics at the universities of Berlin, Geneva and Bonn. Later the studies prepared him to manage the wealth of the Hochberg family in Silesia. At the age of 22 Hans Heinrich XV, the son of a duke (Herzog von Pless) received from Emperor Wilhelm I a lower princely title and officially became the Fürst von Pless (Prince of Pless). In the years 1881-1882 he served in the German Imperial Army, first as a volunteer in the Royal Hussar regiment and later the Guard Hussars. After two years he left the army as a lieutenant. Between 1882 and 1885 he participated in a long, eventful hunting trip around the world and visited, among others, India and North America. After his return, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Berlin, Germany. There he met and became friend with the young heir to the throne William Hohenzollern (later Emperor Wilhelm II). In 1886, Hans Heinrich XV was moved to a diplomatic post in Brussels, and a year later he became an attaché at the embassy in Paris.^[3]

Career and First Marriage

Pszczyna Castle was the official residence of the Prince

In 1890, Hans Heinrich XV was awarded the position of secretary at the German embassy in London. There he met and proposed to the younger Mary Theresa Olivia Cornwallis-West called Daisy. Since the Cornwallis-West family, although closely related to the ruling house of England, was impoverished the Hochbergs was forced to pay and organise the wedding. The wedding ceremony took place at St. Margaret's in Westminster on 8 December 1891. Notable witnesses were Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and his wife Princess Alexandra, while Queen Victoria personally gave the couple her blessing. The beginning of their marriage began by travel throughout Europe, Africa, Asia and America. As a wedding gift from Hans Heinrich XI, the senior head of the house, the young couple received Książ castle (Schloss Fürstenstein) near Wałbrzych (Waldenburg), where they hosted the finest European aristocracy throughout their entire marriage. The couple had four children:^[4]^[5]

A daughter, who died at birth (1892).
Hans Heinrich XVII William Albert Edward (2 February 1900 - 26 January 1984), Prince of Pless, Count von Hochberg and Baron of Fürstenstein. Married twice but had no issue.
Alexander Frederick William George Conrad Ernest Maximilian (1 February 1905 - 22 February 1984), Prince of Pless, Count von Hochberg and Baron of Fürstenstein. Unmarried and childless.
Bolko Conrad Frederick (23 September 1910 - 22 June 1936).

Since 1902 Hans Heinrich XV, as one of the representatives of the Prussian House of Lords, was a supporter of the Free Conservative Party (Freikonserwative Vereinigung) that represented and supported the interests of wealthy and influential landowners. At the provincial level Hans Heinrich XV served as Vice President of the Silesian province (1897–1918) and also participated in the work of the Silesian provincial parliament. Additionally, he was the chairman of the Pless Regional Council (Kreistag). In November 1902 he travelled to the United States as a diplomatic representative of Kaiser Wilhelm II and took part in the inauguration of the German Chamber of Commerce, visited several industrial plants (including the one in Pennsylvania), and the highlight of the trip was a visit to the White House and a conversation with President Theodore Roosevelt.

Prince of Pless (Pszczyna). Second Marriage

Hochberg family tomb in Pszczyna

After his father's death in 1907, Hans Heinrich XV became the Prince of Pless and the owner of the largest estates in the German Empire - In Pless (Pszczyna) (approx. 40 thousand hectares of land, 6 coal mines, a brewery in Tychy and others) and in Waldenburg (Wałbrzych) (approx. 10 thousand hectares and 3 coal mines). These assets systematically decreased due to debt caused by the profligate lifestyle of the family and huge architectural investments (including the reconstruction of the Książ Castle). However between 1914 and 1924 he made many industrial investments in the Upper and Lower Silesia (expansion of mines). He financially supported the German nationalist organisations (e.g. Deutscher Flottenverein), however, opposed the activities Ostmarkenverein in his Upper Silesian estates. During World War I he was promoted to the rank of a colonel and served as an officer. In the years 1915-1917 he lent his castle in Pless to the German Army. After the war all of his estates in Pless became Polish and the city was renamed to Pszczyna.

In 1922 he received Polish citizenship. In order to win the favour of the Polish authorities he often relied on his Piast roots and guested the representatives of the Polish political establishment in his castles. On 22 October of that year he divorced with Princess Daisy.

On 25 January 1925 in London he married secondly Clotilde de Silva y Gonzales de Candamo (19 July 1898 - 12 December 1978), a Spanish noblewoman and daughter of the 10th Marquis of Arcicóllar. They had two children:

Beatrice Maria Louise Margaret (born 15 July 1929). Married twice but had no issue.
Conrad (12 June 1930 - 29 November 1934).

This marriage also ended in a divorce in 1934 because of the family scandal - the seduction of the youngest son of Hans Heinrich XV - Bolko - by his stepmother. They subsequently married and had two children, Hedwig Maria and Bolko Constantine, the only grandchildren of Hans Heinrich XV.

As a result of the global economic crisis, the Lower Silesian estates belonging to the Hochbergs fell into debt. In 1936, against the pressures of creditors Hans Heinrich XV left Książ and came to Pszczyna, where his son Hans Heinrich XVII fought tax disputes with the Polish authorities, which became the heading of international media. Finally Hans Heinrich himself led to the end of the crisis by signing in 1937 an agreement in which the Hochbergs lost the privilege of mining in Pszczyna and lost control over the tax system. Eventually the Polish state took over 56% of his assets.

Last years

He died of a heart attack on 31 January 1938 in the Ritz Hotel in Paris and was buried in Pszczyna.^[6] During World War II his surviving sons both fought against the Nazis, Hans Henirich XVII as Henry Pless in the British RAF and Alexander Hochberg as the shooter in the Polish Army under the command of General Władysław Anders.

Film adaptations

MAGNAT (1987) - Film traces the fascinating saga of princely Polish dynasty in years 1900-1935. In 1900 Prince Hans von Teuss (based on Hans Heinrich XV) entertains Emperor Wilhelm II with a bison hunt at his palatial residence. He finds out many years later that his wife was emperor's lover and divorces her. In the '20s, during the Silesian uprisings, Prince's son Conrad is involved in a homosexual relationship and cannot produce an heir that would inherit the wealth of the dynasty. In 1932, the Prince, now married to younger Marisca, becomes paralysed and confined to wheelchair. His diabolical elder son takes over the ruined estate and unknown to his father becomes associated with Hitler's supporters.^[7]