Hanımefendi
Hanımefendi (Ottoman Turkish: خانم افندی, also Hanım Efendi, Khanum Effendi) was the title given to the official, next or less favorite wives of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of Kadınefendi, and is translated as "Princess" in English language.[1][2] The title was given to the İkbals of the Sultan, which appeared for the first time in the reign of Sultan Mustafa II.[3] The title was also given to the official wives of the Princes, which was limited upto five.[4] The Sultans had four[4] to six İkbals.[5] with the title of Hanımefendi.[4] The İkbâls were the women singled out as favorite companions of the Sultan who were in line for promotion to the rank of Kadınefendi, on the death or divorce of one of the latter. The Hanımefendis sometime became the mothers of the Sultans children and after their death their children were given to Kadınefendis to raise.[4]
Ranks and styles
Ikbals
The İkbals (wives) of Sultans were ranked and styled as:
- Baş İkbal,[4] Başhanımefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu Başikbal (given name) Hanımefendi Hazretleri - senior or first Princess;[6]
- İkinci İkbal,[4] İkinci Hanımefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu İkinci İkbal (given name) Hanımefendi Hazretleri - second Princess;[6]
- Üçüncü İkbal,[4] Üçüncü Hanımefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu Üçüncü İkbal (given name) Hanımefendi Hazretleri — third Princess;[6]
- Dördüncü İkbal,[4] Dördüncü Hanımefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu Dördüncü İkbal (given name) Hanımefendi Hazretleri — fourth Princess;[6]
- Beşinci İkbal,[4] Beşinci Hanımefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu Beşinci İkbal (given name) Hanımefendi Hazretleri — fifth Princess;
- Altıncı İkbal,[4] Altıncı Hanımefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu Altıncı İkbal (given name) Hanımefendi Hazretleri — sixth Princess;[6][7][8]
Princes wives
The wives of the princes the princes were ranked and styled as:
- Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Başhanımefendi Hazretleri - senior or first wife;[6]
- Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) İkinci Hanımefendi Hazretleri - second wife;[6]
- Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Üçüncü Hanımefendi Hazretleri — third wife;[6]
- Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Dördüncü Hanımefendi Hazretleri — fourth wife;[6]
- Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Beşinci Hanımefendi Hazretleri — fifth wife;[6]
Honorific
Women who were traditionally addressed as Hanımefendi include:
- Baş İkbal Nükhet-Sedâ/Nūkhat-Sazā Hanım Efendi (b. ? - d. June 4, 1850),[9] wife of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid I and the mother of Mustafa IV[10]
- Nükhetsezâ Hanımefendi (1827 - 1850), wife of sultan Abdülmecid I
- Düzdidil Hanımefendi (1825 - 1845), wife of sultan Abdülmecid I
- Navekivisal Hanımefendi (1827 - 1854), wife of sultan Abdülmecid I
- Şayeste Hanımefendi (1836 - 1912), wife of sultan Abdülmecid I
- Serfiraz Hanımefendi (1837 - 1905), wife of sultan Abdülmecid I
- Yıldız Hanımefendi (1842 - 1880), wife of sultan Abdülmecid I
- Resan Hanımefendi (1860 - 1910), wife of sultan Murad V
- Nevdür Hanımefendi (1861 - 1927), wife of sultan Murad V
- Filizten Hanımefendi (1865 - 1945), wife of sultan Murad V
- Peyveste Hanımefendi (1873 - 1924), wife of sultan Abdul Hamid II
- Fatma Pesend Hanımefendi (1876 - 1924), wife of sultan Abdul Hamid II
- Behice Hanımefendi (1882 - 1969), wife of sultan Abdul Hamid II
- Inşirah Hanımefendi (1887 - 1930), wife of sultan Mehmed VI
- Nevvare Hanımefendi (1901 - 1992), wife of sultan Mehmed VI
- Nevzad Hanımefendi (1902 - 1992), wife of sultan Mehmed VI
References
- ↑ Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924, by Harun Açba
- ↑ Öztuna, Yilmaz, "Deletler ve Hanedanler", Vol: 2, Ministry of Culture Publications, London (1996), s.924
- ↑ Saray hatıralarım, by Safiye Ünüvar
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924
- ↑ The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918 by Fanny Davis
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 "Turkey: The Imperial House of Osman". web.archive.org. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
- ↑ Fanny Davis (1986). The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-24811-5.
- ↑ The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.
- ↑ The Imperial House of Osman - 8
- ↑ Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 395, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2