HMHS Asturias
Hospital ship Asturias | |
Career (UK) | |
---|---|
Name: | Asturias |
Operator: | Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Belfast |
Builder: | Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast |
Completed: | 1908 |
Career (UK) | |
Name: | HMHS Asturias |
Operator: | Royal Navy |
Fate: | Torpedoed by German U-boat UC-66 and beached on March 20, 1917 |
Career (UK) | |
Name: | SS Arcadian |
Operator: | Royal Mail Steam Packet Company: sailed the Mediterranean and West Indies |
Completed: | Made ship worthy on 1920 |
Fate: | Operated until 1930. In 1933 retired and scrapped. |
General characteristics | |
Tonnage: | 22,181 GRT tonnage under deck 16,089 13,189 NRT |
Length: | 630.5 ft (192.2 m) p/p 656 ft (200 m) o/a |
Beam: | 78.5 ft (23.9 m) |
Depth: | 40.5 ft (12.3 m) |
Decks: | 3 |
Installed power: | As built: 3,366 NHP; 10,000 ihp, 7,500 bhp From 1934: 4,205 NHP; 24,000 shp |
Propulsion: | twin screws powered by: 2 × 8 cylinder 4-stroke double-acting Burmeister & Wain diesel engines (until 1934); |
Speed: | 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h) (until 1934) 19 knots (35 km/h) (from 1934) |
Boats and landing craft carried: | built with 30 lifeboats, later reduced to 28 |
Capacity: | 1,430 passengers: 432 1st class 223 2nd class 775 3rd class |
Complement: | 254 |
Armament: | as AMC: BL 6 inch Mk XII naval guns [1] QF 3 inch 20 cwt anti-aircraft guns [2] |
Notes: | sister ship: RMS Alcantara |
HMHS Asturias was a hospital ship drafted into the British Royal Navy. On 20 March 1917 on her route from Avonmouth to Southampton she was torpedoed by German U-boat UC-66. Beached by the crew near Bolt Head, Asturias was raised and towed to Plymouth where she sat for two years as a ammunition hulk.
History
Asturias worked for the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company operating the Southampton – Buenos Aires run. She was drafted into the Navy as a hospital ship and served in a number of places including Gallipoli, Egypt and Salonika, returning wounded to the UK. Although she was retrofitted for 896 patients on one occasion she shipped 2,400 sick and wounded back to the UK.[3]
At 5:05 on 1 February 1915 a German U-boat launched a torpedo that successfully struck Asturias but failed to detonate. One month later the Germans released a press release that claimed the Asturias was misidentified and that once the mistake was realized by the U-boat crew they broke off the attack.[4]
J. R. R. Tolkien was shipped back to the UK on the Asturias and remembers there being salt water baths on board.[5] On 27 October 1916 as his battalion attacked Regina Trench, during the Battle of the Somme, Tolkien came down with trench fever, a disease carried by lice, which were common in the dugouts. Tolkien was invalided to England on 8 November 1916.[5]
Sinking
Asturias had just finished unloading her cargo of 1000 wounded men from the front and was returning to port when on 20 March 1917 en-route from Avonmouth to Southampton she was torpedoed by German U-boat UC-66.[6] She was able to beach herself near Bolt Head, but the damage was so extensive that she was declared a total loss. Thirty-one persons were killed with a further twelve missing.[7] If she had gone down while still packed with wounded men the casualties would have been much higher as many of the men could not even move.[6] The government then bought and salvaged her, and she became a floating ammunition hulk at Plymouth for two years.
SS Arcadian
In 1920 the damaged hulk was purchased by the Royal Mail Line and repaired as a Cruise Liner; renamed Arcadian she sailed in the Mediterranean and West Indies until 1930. In 1933 she was retired and scrapped.[3]
See also
Bibliography
Notes
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Roll of Honour 2009
- ↑ The New York Times 1915
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Garth 2013, p. 205
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 The Argus 1917, p. 7
- ↑ The New York Times 1917
References
- Garth, John (2013). Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780544263727. - Total pages: 416
- Roll of Honour (February 27, 2009). "HMHS Asturias". Roll-of-Honour.com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- The Argus (March 30, 1917). "Hospital Ship Outrage". The Argus. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- The New York Times (March 7, 1915). "Admits Asturias Attack". ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- The New York Times (March 28, 1917). "31 ON HOSPITAL SHIP KILLED BY U-BOAT; The Asturias Had Discharged Large Number of Wounded Before She Was Torpedoed.". ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015.